热带风暴过程中珊瑚礁坪示踪砂运移的现场实验研究

１９９５年１０月在小东海珊瑚礁海岸的礁坪上进行了示踪砂运动的现场实验。本次实验对浪,流以及示踪砂采样作了同步观测。根据所获的实验数据,分析在９５１６号热带风暴天气过程礁坪上示踪砂运移的基本规律。在一级近似下,测定并计算了泥沙在波生流作用下的漂移速度与流速比因子０．００２,混合深度小于２ｃｍ。这一结果与其它已往结果相比明显小得多。     

胶东乳山金矿区原生晕地球化学特征及深部成矿预测

英格庄金矿以相对富As、Co、Ni而三甲和铜锡山金矿则以相对富Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag为特征.聚类分析显示,英格庄金矿具Bi+Hg、As+Sb+Co与Pb+Zn组合,三甲金矿具Bi+Hg+As+Sb+Co、Pb+Zn与Ag+Cu+Au组合,而铜锡山金矿则显示Bi+Hg+Sb+Pb+Ag、Cu+Au+Zn+As及Mo+Ni组合.结合Ni、Co、Mo与Ag、Hg、As、Sb等的相关特征,认为上述三个金矿均有成矿头尾晕叠加现象.Au、Ag、Cu、Pb、Zn、As、Sb、Bi、Hg、Mo等元素垂向变化规律显示,英格庄金矿在-200m标高以下、三甲金矿在-500m标高以下尚有成矿富集段存在.其中,所确定的英格庄金矿的靶位在16勘探线附近,三甲金矿的靶位则在16～20勘探线间.     

Rapid cooling and geospeedometry of granitic rocks exhumation within a volcanic arc: A case study from the Central Slovakian Neovolcanic Field (Western Carpathians)

U–Pb Sensitive High‐Resolution Ion MicroProbe (SHRIMP) dating of zircon in combination with (U–Th)/He dating of zircon and apatite is applied to constrain the emplacement and exhumation history of the youngest granitic rocks in the Western Carpathians collected in the Central Slovakian Neovolcanic Field. Two samples of diorite from the locality Banky, and granodiorite from Banská Hodru?a yield the U–Pb zircon concordia ages of 15.21 ±0.19 Ma and 12.92 ±0.27 Ma, respectively, recording the time of zircon crystallization and the intrusions’ emplacement. Zircon (U–Th)/He ages of 14.70 ±0.94 (Banky) and 12.65 ±0.61 Ma (Banská Hodru?a), and apatite (U–Th)/He ages of 14.45 ±0.70 Ma (diorite) and 12.26 ±0.77 Ma (granodiorite) are less than 1 Myr younger than the corresponding zircon U–Pb ages. For both diorite and granodiorite rocks their chronological data thus document a simple cooling process from magmatic crystallization/solidification temperatures to near‐surface temperatures in the Middle Miocene, without subsequent reheating. Geospeedometry data suggest for rapid cooling at an average rate of 678 ±158 °C/Myr, and the exhumation rate of 5 mm/year corresponding to active tectonic‐forced exhumation. The quick cooling is interpreted to record the exhumation of the studied granitic rocks complex that closely followed its emplacement, and was likely accompanied by a drop in the paleo‐geothermal gradient due to cessation of volcanic activity in the area.     

Further results for astrophysics from the cosmology within the framework of the Projective Unified Field Theory

Recently the 5‐dimensional Projective Unified Field Theory (PUFT) of the author (Schmutzer 1995a, Schmutzer 1995b) has been applied to a closed homogeneous isotropic cosmological model with the result of a cosmology without big bang (Schmutzer 1999a, Schmutzer 1999b). Continuing this approach, in this paper following subjects are treated: recalculation of numerical values of cosmological quantities, exact solution of the field equations to a point‐like body, motion of a test body in such a field, definition of the empirical effective gravitational factor (“constant”), Einstein effects compared to the empirical situation, adiabatic approximation of the motion of an orbiting testbody under the influence of the expanding cosmos (transition of the ellipses to circles, decrease of the radius of the orbiting bodies, decrease of the excentricity, increase of the frequency of orbiting objects etc.), heat production in a moving body induced by the cosmological expansion with application to various cosmic objects.     

野外车辆定位监控系统设计研究

面向野外作业的需求,设计了一种野外车辆定位监控系统,该定位与监控系统采用分布式体系结构,设置监控总中心、监控分中心、车载终端;采用树状结构构成车辆信息交互系统,通过车载无线通信模块自动上报位置信息,达到实时定位与监控的目的。     

一种基于高斯马尔可夫随机场的异常目标探测方法

利用高斯马尔可夫随机场模型描述像元的邻域相关性信息,并将这种邻域信息引入到局域异常探测器中,提出了一种顾及邻域信息的高光谱遥感影像局域异常目标探测算法。实验证明,该方法克服了传统异常探测方法仅仅利用光谱信息的不足,比经典的RX算法的探测效果更好,并且可以更有效地探测出大于一个像元的异常目标。     

Cosmology without Big Bang within the framework of the Projective Unified Field Theory and the influence on the motion of cosmic objects

The Projective Unified Field Theory having been developed by the author since 1957 is applied to a closed homogeneous isotropic cosmological model. By postulating a (new) conservation law for the scalaric substrate mass (derived from the balance equation of matter and leading to a basically new view on the concept of mass in context with the Mach principle) we obtained a coupled system of differential equations for the world radius and the scalaric world function, which could be treated numerically by Maple. Detailed calculations show that the big bang singularity of the Einstein theory can be avoided. Since the mass density and the temperature of the background radiation exhibit maxima at the same time after the cosmological “big start”, this fact could be of interest for cosmogonic activities. Within the framework of this theory there are hints for an antigravitational world era with repulsive forces after the big start. Furthermore, the balance equations for the energy and the angular momentum of a body as well as the equation of motion of a body (with a series of consequences) are derived. In this context we found a formula for the time dependence of the “effective Newtonian gravitational constant”. Further results refer to certain aspects for understanding the observed rotational curves of cosmic objects within galaxies as well as to the conservation of the number of photons and baryons and their mutual ratio etc.     

Anwendung eines neuen Feldanalysenverfahrens zur Untersuchung der Stabilität von Arsen und seinen anorganischen Spezies in aquatischen Systemen

Using of a New Field Analysis Method to Investigate the Stability of Arsenic and its Inorganic Species in Aquatic Systems The stability of arsenic species in aquatic systems is limited by the possibilities of chemical and biochemical reactions. Redox reactions and bioalkylation lead to changes of the species ratios. In this work, the stability of As(III) and As(V) was examined at storage of distilled, de-ionized, and drinking water at different conditions (refrigerator/room temperature; daylight/darkness) and additions (sulfuric acid; ascorbic acid). The determination of these species was carried out by a modified spectrophotometric method, suitable for laboratory analysis as well as for field analysis. The results show that chemical oxidation and biochemical reduction can occur. Sulfuric acid is favourable for the stabilization of total arsenic and of the inorganic species.     

Characterization of tar-like material and producible oil in Misoa C2 and C3 reservoir sands of the Area 2 South (Ceuta Field,Venezuela)

Here we characterized asphaltic oil occurrences in the Misoa C2 and C3 reservoirs within Area 2 South of the Ceuta Field (Lake Maracaibo Basin, NW Venezuela). To perform the geochemical and petrological characterization of the C2 and C3 sub-units, which cover an interval in which tar-like material was detected, we analyzed core (18) and cutting (123) samples using the Rock-Eval 6 technique in reservoir mode. Samples were studied under fluorescence light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showing the presence of two charges of oils and the relationships within silica cements and clay minerals. To evaluate vertical inter-reservoir communication and lateral intra-reservoir continuity, we also studied 12 oil samples from wells in Area 2 South. Biomarkers and isotopic signatures were examined using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). The results suggest that oil and core extracts belongs to a single family derived from two pulses of hydrocarbon generation from the La Luna source rock, which was deposited in a marine reducing environment. The oil samples are a mixture of a paleobiodegraded oil charge and a later fresh, more mature oil recharge. The geochemical analyses also evidence that the formation of heavy oil tar zones can be related to biodegradation and in-reservoir oil mixing, though other formation mechanisms for the tar are also feasible. Finally, the GC fingerprints of the oils are indicative of lateral reservoir continuities across the F-1 and F-2 faults and vertical communication between the Misoa C2 and C3 sub-units in Area 2 South, suggesting that tar occurrences do not act as permeability barriers within the two reservoirs studied.     

Permeability heterogeneity in bioturbated sediments and implications for waterflooding of tight-oil reservoirs,Cardium Formation,Pembina Field,Alberta, Canada

Bioturbated sediments recording distal expressions of paralic depositional environments are increasingly being exploited for hydrocarbons in the super-giant Pembina Field (Cardium Formation), Alberta, Canada. These strata were previously considered unproductive due to limited vertical and horizontal connectivity between permeable beds. In these “tight oil” plays (0.1–10 mD), pressure decay profile permeametry (micropermeability) data indicate that sand-filled burrows provide vertical permeable pathways between bioturbated and parallel-laminated sandstone beds in the central, northeast and northwest parts of the field. This relationship enables the economic exploitation of hydrocarbons via horizontal drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing. As the exploitation of bioturbated strata progresses in the Pembina Field, additional primary targets are being sought out, and horizontal waterflooding is being considered in areas where horizontal wells exist. Proximal to historical produced conventional targets, reservoir analyses indicate that areas where the bioturbated facies average permeability lies between 0.35 mD and 0.85 mD and sandstone isopach thicknesses are between 0.25 m and 2.5 m should be targeted in east-central Pembina.Micropermeability values enable correlation of bulk permeability from plugs and full-diameter samples to the heterogeneous permeability distributions in intensely bioturbated strata. Bulk and micropermeability data are graphically compared, and permeability distributions are mapped across the field. Using isopach thickness of bioturbated facies, production data, and permeability data, “sweet spots” are identified for placement of effective waterfloods.Production information for recently drilled horizontal wells in the Pembina Field demonstrate that bioturbated muddy sandstones and sandy mudstones in paralic environments can be economically exploited when sand-filled burrows provide connectivity between sand beds. However, well performance within these poorly understood unconventional tight oil plays can better be predicted with an in-depth characterization of their facies and complex permeability heterogeneities. Based on our results, it is clear that micropermeability analysis can be effectively employed to differentiate between economic and sub-economic plays, identify areas with high effective permeability, and high-grade areas for enhanced oil recovery schemes.