天然锰钾矿吸附水溶液中Hg^2＋的实验研究

利用粉碎分级的天然锰钾矿去除水溶液中Hg^2 的实验研究表明：反应平衡时间约为20小时；pH值对其吸附率影响很大，在中性（氯化物在偏碱性）条件下吸附率较高；溶液中阳离子的存在会产生竞争吸附而降低对Hg^2 的吸附量，2价金属离子较1价金属离子对Hg^2 竞争干扰明显；溶液中Cl^-的存在能明显降低对Hg^2 的吸附量。对等温吸附曲线的回归分析得出在浓度为5～350mg/L段能很好地符合Langmuir单吸附位吸附曲线，并计算出在该实验条件下其最大理论吸附量为27.6mg/g。解吸实验结果表明，在无其他电解质参与的条件下解吸量较少，受多种电解质干扰时其解吸率不超过20%。     

蒙脱石、高岭石、伊利石对重金属离子吸附容量的实验研究

在pH=4,t=23℃和微量浓度条件下,不改变离子浓度,通过增加吸附液体积进而增加体系中重金属离子含量的方法进行了蒙脱石、伊利石、高岭石对Cu2+、Pb2+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Cr3+等重金属离子吸附容量的实验研究,结果表明,3种矿物吸附容量大小顺序为蒙脱石>伊利石>高岭石,与其阳离子交换容量密切相关.Cu-蒙脱石和Cr-蒙脱石的X射线衍射结果表明,Cu2+、Cr3+通过离子交换作用进入了蒙脱石的层间.同一矿物对不同重金属离子也有不同的吸附容量蒙脱石Cr3+>Cu2+>Zn2+>Cd2+>Pb2+;高岭石Cr3+>Pb2+>Zn2+>Cu2+>Cd2+;伊利石Cr3+>Zn2+>Cd2+>Cu2+>Pb2+.     

羟基磷灰石吸附剂去除铬黄工业废水中铅离子的研究

羟基磷灰石吸附剂对铬黄废水中Pb^2 吸附的间歇实验结果表明：当每吨废水中吸附剂用量为200～400g时，常温搅拌60min后，在弱酸性或中性废水中，铅离子质量浓度由2.74mg/L降至0.5mg/L以下，完全符合GB8978-1996工业废水排放标准1.0mg/L。     

山西沁水煤层气田采收率预测

采用地质类比、等温吸附曲线及储层数值模拟 3种方法对山西沁水煤层气田主力气层———二叠系山西组 3# 煤层、石炭系太原组 15 # 煤层的煤层气采收率进行了预测 ,结果 3# 煤层的煤层气采收率为 6 2 % ,15 # 煤层的采收率为 5 5 % ,总平均采收率为 5 9%。分析对比了这 3种方法的运用条件及优缺点 ,指出煤层气采收率的预测必须采用多种方法 ,并结合具体的煤层气地质特点进行综合分析 ,才能得出合理的结论。     

Surface complexation at hydrous fluorapatite

The adsorption of H⁺, OH^– and ARS (Alizarin Red S) onto hydrous fluorapatite surfaces and Ca²⁺—ARS complexation in solution were studied by means of combined potentiometric and spectrophotometric titrations, as well as zeta potential and FT-IR measurements. Corresponding equilibrium constants of surface and solution reactions are determined. The application in flotation processes is discussed.     

Nutrients adsorption from seawater by new porous carrier made from zeolitized fly ash and slag

This study investigated the adsorption and precipitation of phosphate by blast furnace slag (BFS) separately.

In order to evaluate the adsorption capacity of BFS, BFS was treated before its use by acid. The authors aim to develop a new porous carrier to adsorb simultaneously ammonium and phosphate from seawater under eutrophic conditions. The current paper deals with a promising new approach to improve the utilization of some industrial solid wastes such as BFS and zeolite synthesized from fly ash [ZFA(Fe)] by their solidification to cylindrical porous carriers using a hydrothermal hot-pressing (HHP) method.

Attempts to produce porous carriers using an arranged HHP method with different porosities (24%, 40% and 52% (v/v)) were carried out. Physical properties of carriers such as porosity, compressive strength and height have been investigated. Laboratory studies showed strong evidence that the porous carrier was very selective towards phosphate and ammonium. The results demonstrated the role of porosity in enhancing phosphate and ammonium adsorption by the increase of the surface area per weight. The estimates of the parameters and the correlation coefficients according to the Freundlich equations revealed that adsorption was related to the porosity of carriers and phosphate and ammonium were adsorbed well on the carriers having large porosity.

The results suggested that developing carrier with high porosity was a promising way to enhance nutrients adsorption.     

重金属离子在胡敏酸-高岭石复合体上的吸附

本文研究了胡敏酸存在下高岭石对重金属离子的吸附行为。实验结果表明:①胡敏酸和Cu2 溶液按先后顺序或同时加入高岭石中反应,在Cu2 平衡浓度<10mg/L时,3种加入顺序对Cu2 的吸附量基本相同,当Cu2 平衡浓度>10mg/L时,(K Cu) HA和(K Cu HA)两种加入顺序对Cu2 的吸附量比(K HA) Cu的略大。②在pH=5时,胡敏酸-高岭石复合体对Cu2 的吸附量明显大于纯高岭石。这是由于胡敏酸含有大量的羧基和酚羟基等活性基团,吸附在高岭石上的胡敏酸增加了其表面吸附位,在复合体表面形成了S—HA—Cu三元配合物,且Cu2 的吸附量与复合体中胡敏酸的含量在一定范围内成正相关;③溶液pH值在4～7之间变化可调控复合体对Cu2 的吸附机制。④在Cu2 和Cd2 共存时,随着金属离子初始浓度的增大,Cu2 的吸附量呈直线上升,而Cd2 的吸附量增加缓慢,表明复合体对Cu2 的吸附能力比对Cd2 强。     

凹凸棒石粘土吸附铀的性能研究及应用

本文研究了凹凸棒石粘土吸铀的酸度,吸附速率、肿附反应热焓吸附容量等性能,确定了吸附铀的最佳条件,并采用动态法片处理了含铀废水,效果良好,钱的去除率在９９．９５％以上,排放液中的铀的残余浓度达到国家规定的０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ排放标准。     

麦饭石对腐殖酸及重金属离子的吸附作用

研究了麦饭石对腐殖酸和重金属离子（Ｈｇ２＋,Ｐｂ２＋,Ｃｕ２＋,Ｚｎ２＋,Ｃｄ２＋）的吸附作用,实验结果表明麦饭石对腐殖酸和重金属离子都具有较好的吸附性能,且腐殖酸的存在有利于麦饭石对重金属离子的吸附。ｐＨ值是影响吸附的重要因素,当ｐＨ值为５．０～６．０时,麦饭石同时吸附腐殖酸和重金属离子的效果最好,麦饭石在吸附腐殖酸和重金属离子的同时能溶出微量元素硒,这对于大骨节病的防治有重要意义。     

Benthic nutrient recycling in shallow coastal waters of the Bohai Sea

Sediment-water fluxes of N and P species in the Bohai Sea were investigated in September-October 1998 and April-May 1999. The benthic fluxes of nutrient species were determined by incubating sediment core samples with bottom seawater bubbled with air or nitrogen. NO^-2,NH4, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and phosphorus (TDP), and PO4^3- showed a net exchange flux from seawater to sediment, while NO^-3, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and SiO3^2- were released from sediment to seawater in the Bohai Sea. Sediment-water nutrient exchange increases DIN and reduces the phosphorus load in the Bohai Sea. The release of silicate from sediment to overlying seawater reduces potential silicate limitation of primary production resulted from decrease of riverine discharge.The exchange flux of nutrients showed no obvious seasonal variation. The present study showed that the concentrations and composition of nutrients in the water column were affected by suspended sediment, and that not all the exchangeable phosphate in sediment could be released via sediment resuspension.