山东半岛东部,北部地区冬季冷流低云的探讨

本文主要对山东半岛东部、北部及渤海海峡地区的地方性天气－冷流低云，作了初步的分析。着重分析产生这种低云的环流特点及殊地理环境，分析归纳出这种低云的预测方法及判据。     

The Structure of A Turbulent Jet in A Crossflow-Effect of Jet-Crossflow Velocity

A comprehensive numerical study on the three-dimensional structure of a turbulent jet in crossflow is performed. The jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio (R) varies in the range of 2 - 16; both vertical jets and inclined jets without excess streamwise momentum are considered. The numerical results of the Standard two-equation k-ε model show that the turbulent structure can be broadly categorised according to the jet-to-crossflow velocity ratio. For strong to moderate jet discharges, i.e. R> 4, the jet is characterized by a longitudinal transition through a bent-over phase during which the jet becomes almost parallel with the main freestream, to a sectional vortex-pair flow with double concentration maxima; the computed flow details and scalar mixing characteristics can be described by self-similar relations beyond a dimensionless distance of around 20-60. The similarity coefficients are only weakly dependent on R. The cross-section scalar field is kidney-shaped and bifurcated, vvith distinct double concentr     

珠江河口虎门的地貌动力学研究

以野外现场调查、数值模拟和前人研究成果综合分析虎门的地貌动力学特征。因峡口上、下游水域开阔,涨落潮过程中发育着强大的双向不对称射流系统;由于峡口区流速最大,发育着冲刷深槽,而峡口的上、下游因流速降低,泥沙有规律地沉积,形成了涨潮三角洲与落潮三角洲堆积体,出现纵向上“马鞍”形断面特征和横向上“槽-脊-滩”的地貌特征,与其动力特征相适应。     

黔西北威-赫-纳-织-水地区铅锌(铜)矿带上 重力异常反映的地质信息

研究黔西北威宁—赫章—纳雍—织金—水城地区,铅锌(铜)矿带上分布的1∶20万区域重力异常特征,及其与地质、构造、岩体、化探等异常的对应规律及其关系,能对该区此类矿产的成矿规律、成矿部位和成矿特点的研究有所帮助,提出下一步找矿方向上的参考建议。     

黑龙江省中部森林沼泽区金在土壤A层中的富集规律

探讨了金在黑龙江省中部森林沼泽区A层土壤-10～+60目、-60～+100目、-100～+160目及-160目粒级中的含量分布特征和富集规律。经对比研究认为,-100目可以满足低密度深穿透地球化学详细测量采样要求,该粒级能够有效地发现异常。     

Geochemical Mapping: With Special Emphasis on Analytical Requirements

More than 40 national and regional geochemical mapping projects in the world carried out from 1973 to 1988 do not conform to common standards. In particular they have many analytical deficiencies. In the period 1988 to 1992, the International Geochemical Mapping project （Project 259 of UNESCO＇s IGCP Program） prepared recommendations designed to standardize geochemical mapping methods. The analytical requirements are an essential component of the overall recommendations. They included the following： 71 elements should be analyzed in future mapping projects; the detection limits of trace and ultratrace elements must be lower than the corresponding crustal abundances; and the Chinese GSD and Canadian STSD standard sample series should be used for the correlation of global data. A proposal was also made to collect 5000 composite samples, at very low sampling densities to cover the whole Earth＇s land surface. In 1997 an IUGS Working Group on Global Geochemical Baselines was formed to continue the work which began with IGCP 259. From 1997 up to now, new progress has been made especially in China and FOREGS countries under the aegis of this working group, including the study of suitable sampling media, development of a multi-element analytical system, new proficiency test for selection of competent laboratories and role of wide-spaced mapping in mineral exploration. One of the major problems awaiting solution has been the inability of many laboratories to meet the IGCP recommendations to generate high quality geochemical maps. Fortunately several laboratories in China and Europe have demonstrated an ability to meet the requirements and they will be well placed to render technical assistance to other countries.     

多孔紊动射流的数值模拟与实验研究进展

多孔射流作为流体运动的一种重要类型,在工程中具有非常广泛的用途。由于多孔射流各股水流之间的卷吸和掺混的存在,增加了流场的复杂性。长期以来研究人员从理论分析、实验测量和数值模拟方面对多孔紊动射流进行了大量的研究工作,目前已经认识了流场中的许多流动特性和流动机理。从数值模拟和实验研究两个方面,比较分析了国内外多孔紊动射流的研究现状和研究结果,评述了不同湍流模型以及不同实验测量方法对紊动射流的预测能力,讨论了存在的问题并对该领域的研究方向进行了展望。     

斜坡非饱和带低渗透岩石结构体风化前锋扩展过程

非饱和带低渗透岩石结构体风化前锋扩展是斜坡灾害孕育过程中的关键环节之一。到目前为止,化学风化领域的研究成果主要集中在高水-岩比的饱和环境下单矿物及矿物成分单一的碳酸盐岩的风化动力学方面,非饱和环境下的岩石风化研究还主要限于风化产物的特性描述方面。斜坡非饱和带低渗透岩石结构体风化前锋扩展是一种高度复杂的THMC过程。由于在溶解对象、溶解液及溶解过程的水动力-水化学环境等方面存在的显著差异,既有的地质材料风化动力学成果为探索这一复杂过程提供了理论储备,但还不能阐明其核心机理。斜坡非饱和带低渗透岩石结构体风化前锋的扩展过程研究不仅可以加深人们对斜坡灾害孕育的理解,为灾害预报-预警及其控制提供理论依据,同时可以促进岩石-岩体力学及浅表生水文地球化学等相关学科的交叉与发展。     

邹平火山岩盆地铜矿地质成因地球物理特征探讨

邹平铜矿处于齐河-广饶深大断裂带南部的邹平火山岩盆地中,形成于破火山口火山通道充填的石英正长闪长岩岩颈中央上部,包括伟晶岩型铜矿和细脉浸染状斑铜矿床两种类型。前者矿体较小,但品位高;后者品位较低,但规模中等。含矿石英正长闪长岩等密度小、磁性弱,故在火山岩系中呈现高背景重力场上的重力低和杂乱高磁场背景中的低负异常,即“重磁同低”,且高极化。重磁同低异常区和高极化率异常带,是本区寻找铜矿的有利部位。     

塔里木盆地塔中低凸起地层水化学特征对不整合的响应

对塔中低凸起地层水化学特征与不整合之间关系的研究结果表明,地层水化学特征对不整合具有很好的响应。在遭受强烈抬升和剥蚀、之间形成不整合的奥陶系和志留系,以及紧靠不整合面附近的石炭系CⅢ油组,其地层水具有矿化度、Cl-含量、K Na 含量和r(Cl-Na)/rMg值相对较小,而HCO3-含量、rNa/rCl值和rSO42-×100/rCl值相对较大的特点,反映出地质历史时期大气降水的影响。在志留系与石炭系之间以及志留系与奥陶系之间的不整合面附近,地层水的矿化度、r(Cl-Na)/rMg值和B3 含量变小,而rNa/rCl值和rSO24-×100/rCl值变大,具有典型的遭受大气淋滤的地层水化学基本特征。