双波长卫星激光测距

双波长卫星激光测距不必借助大气改正模型，利用双波长往返时间差就可以进行大气折射改正，采用皮秒级事件计时器等技术测量往返时间差，修正精度可以达到毫米量级，介绍了这一领域的研究进展、双波长大气改正的基本原理，分析了双波长激光测距的精度，最后对双波长卫星激光测距前景进行了展望。     

2017年6月10日南京机场强降水过程对航空飞行影响分析

降水对飞行的影响一直是航空气象关注的重点。本文选取2017年6月10日02：30—18：00的一次强降水过程的雨滴谱观测数据,分析了强降水时段雨强与能见度之间的相关关系发现,雨强与能见度呈明显的负相关关系。通过计算平均雨滴谱的各种特征参量,各种粒子对雨强的贡献情况,在雨强较小的区间主要为小粒子,而雨强越大,大粒子的贡献逐渐显现,在最大雨强的区间,出现了三峰形态,3种直径粒子的高浓度对强降水不同阶段的贡献各不相同,对航班飞行的影响也存在差异。使用雨滴参数计算了雨滴对飞机撞击力,分析各类飞机在强降水环境下的飞行受力均达到了10%的动力状况;受力方面各机型在低值区接近一致,有大型机在高值区迅速增加的情况;同样的雨强,小型机受到的力要远小于大型机;各机性在水平方向上的受力情况均较垂直方向大一个量级。     

A Teleseismic Delay Time Study Across the Central African Shear Zone In the Adamawa Region of Cameroon, West Africa

Summary. P -wave relative teleseismic residuals were measured for a network of seismological stations along a 300 km profile across the Adamawa Plateau and the Central African Shear Zone of central Cameroon, to determine the variation in crust and upper mantle velocity associated with these structures. A plot of the mean relative residuals for the stations shows a long wavelength (> 300 km) variation of amplitude 0.45 s. the slowest arrivals are located over and just to the north, of the faulted northern margin of the Adamawa Plateau. the residuals do not correlate with topography, surface geology or the previously determined crustal structure, in any simple way.
The Aki inversion technique has been used to invert the relative residuals into a 3-D model of velocity perturbations from a mean earth model. the results show the region is divided roughly into three blocks by two subvertical boundaries, striking ENE and traversing both the crust and upper mantle down to depths greater than 190km. the central block, which is 2 per cent slower than the adjacent blocks, roughly corresponds to the Central African Shear Zone. the Adamawa Plateau, as an individual uplifted area, is explained by the interaction of a regional anomalous upper mantle associated with the West African Rift System, and the Central African Shear Zone, which provided a conduit for heat flow to the surface.     

构架航线对无人机影像区域网平差精度影响分析

与三角翼相比,无人机航摄影像像幅小、模型连接性差、质量轻、航摄时姿态不稳定;这些因素导致无人机航摄影像成图精度较差。为了解决该问题,传统航测方法在每两张航摄影像间布设大量控制点,增强模型刚性;GPS辅助空中三角测量通过提高曝光点的点位精度,可以减少控制点的个数,但是由于无人机像幅小,控制点约束范围小,因而仍然需要大量的控制点。针对以上问题,文章在GPS辅助空中三角测量的基础上,通过布设架构航线,进而实现增加影像之间的重叠度,增强模型刚性的目的,从而实现在减少控制点个数的同时,保证无人机航摄影像区域网平差精度的提高。实验表明,该方法与单纯的依赖GPS辅助空三技术相比,在精度相近的基础上能够减少约50%的控制点布设数量,大大减少了外业工作量。     

基于模糊自整定PID的直升机飞行控制律设计

在经典PID控制律基础上,引入模糊控制的概念设计模糊自整定PID控制律改进无人直升机姿态回路控制器,实现了PID控制器的参数在线自整定,并改善了控制器性能.通过Matlab对闭环系统进行算法仿真,表明模糊自整定PID控制器能够发挥优于传统PID控制器的控制性能.最后对所设计的控制器进行半物理仿真验证,通过对比典型输入指令下经典PID和模糊自整定PID两种控制器的控制效果,验证了模糊自整定PID对系统性能的优化.     

风云三号降水测量雷达技术性能分析

风云三号降水测量卫星主要用于台风等灾害性天气系统强降水的监测,并提供全球中低纬度地区降水的结构信息。降水三维结构的准确测量是通过风云三号降水测量卫星的核心载荷——双频降水测量雷达实现的。首先介绍了风云三号降水测量雷达的主要任务与探测能力要求,然后通过仿真技术对降水测量雷达距离分辨率、水平分辨率、扫描角度、天线旁瓣电平、测量精度、波束匹配精度等主要技术性能指标进行了详细的分析。最后,利用于2010年开展的降水测量雷达样机航空校飞试验评估验证了降水测量雷达的各项功能和主要性能参数。结果表明,风云三号降水测量雷达整体降水探测性能与全球降水测量卫星的双频降水雷达相当。     

CFG短桩复合地基技术用于高层建筑地基处理的探讨

阐述了ＣＦＧ短桩复事地基技术的特点及应用范围,并列举了２个具体的工程实例,经过实践验证该技术是一项省钱、施工质量容易得到保证且能满足复合地基承载力及最终沉降量要求的新技术。探讨了ＣＦＧ短桩复合地基设计中的几个理论问题,产提出了该项技术的进一步研究方向。     

Prediction of weather parameters on a very short time scale by an Auto Regressive process for aviation flight planning

Forecasting weather parameters such as temperature and pressure with a reasonable degree of accuracy three hours ahead of the scheduled departure of an aircraft helps economic and efficient planning of aircraft operations. However, these two parameters exhibit a high degree of persistency and have nonstationary mean and variance at sub-periods (i.e. at 0000, 0300, 0600,…, 2100UTC). Hence these series have been standardised (to have mean 0 and variance 1) and thereafter seasonal differenced (lag 8) to achieve almost near stationarity. An attempt has been made to fit the standardised and seasonal differenced series of Chennai (a coastal station) and Trichy (an inland station) airport into an Auto Regressive (AR) process. The model coefficients have been estimated based on adaptive filter algorithm which uses the method of convergence by the steepest descent. The models were tested with an independent data set and diagnostic checks were made on the residual error series. An independent estimation of fractal dimension has also been made in this study to conform the number parameters used in the AR processes. The models contemplated in this study are parsimonious and can be used to forecast surface temperature and pressure.     

线阵CCD指向角解算方法的模拟实验研究

本文根据卫星线阵CCD指向角的特点提出简化解算模型,用单位四元数来描述旋转角,以几乎无偏估计作为平差方法。通过一系列模拟实验证实在外方位元素初值比较准确的前提下可以以较高精度求得设计的参数。模拟了不同的姿态稳定度、控制点精度、控制点密度、岭参数及航线长度对解算结果的影响。