基于生态-经济权衡的京津冀城市群土地利用优化配置

探索生态保护与经济发展的权衡关系,并利用该权衡关系协调土地利用优化配置是解决城市群经济与生态协调发展难题的重要途径,已成为目前的一个研究热点。论文针对京津冀城市群生态友好型协同发展的需求,设置生态系统服务价值最大化和经济价值最大化2种优化目标,每种目标下再设置“生态保护”“统筹兼顾”“粮食安全”和“经济发展”4种土地利用情景,采用CLUE-S模型模拟2025年京津冀城市群在不同情景下的土地利用空间配置格局,及其生态系统服务价值、经济价值在不同目标的各种情景下的变化。研究结果表明：相比2015年,2025年在不同目标不同情景下,各类土地利用面积的数量变化和空间格局均有较大不同,且生态目标和经济目标下不同情景的土地利用配置不同。生态系统服务价值在生态目标生态保护情景下最大,为14423.58亿元;而经济价值则在经济目标经济发展情景下最大,为96771.49亿元。从土地利用变化的空间分布上来看,生态用地中林地与草地的增加多出现在坝上高原和燕山与太行山山地,水体的增加则主要分布在东部沿海地区。研究认为,生态效益与经济效益间存在权衡关系,基于生态-经济权衡的土地利用优化研究结果对未来京津冀城市群生态实践工作有较大的参考价值。     

围填海建设项目后评价体系构建

围填海建设项目后评价既是项目周期的重要环节,同时也应作为强化项目用海事后管理的重要手段。我国围填海项目后评价工作尚处于探索阶段,文章在借鉴其他行业领域工作经验的基础上,面向围填海管理实践,从建设过程后评价、社会经济效益后评价和环境影响后评价3个方面出发,建立了系统、量化的后评价体系,明确了指标含义与评价标准,优化了评价技术方法,为重大围填海项目和集中连片围填海区域的后评价提供了有参照价值的技术方案。     

大旅游产业及其发展的影响和效益——以甘肃省为例

大旅游的产业特性决定了其经济、社会和生态等方面影响的广泛性和效应的综合性。本文论述了大旅游产业的内涵、特征和产业体系。以甘肃省为例,从发展大旅游产业的角度,通过理论和实证两方面,对大旅游产业促进欠发达地区优势资源开发和资源替代、产业替代的作用及其经济、社会和生态效益进行了评估;提出了大旅游产业是欠发达地区新的经济增长点,扩大就业的有效途径和重要渠道,城市化和可持续发展的新型驱动力等结论。     

毛乌素沙地库伦生态经济圈结构、效益及农牧民行为

以户为单位的库伦生态经济圈作为毛乌素沙地牧区最基本的生产单位,与沙地生态系统稳定和区域经济发展密切相关。本文基于鄂托克前旗1986年和2020年户库伦土地利用数据及390户2020年生态经济问卷调查数据,阐明户库伦土地的生态系统服务价值分布规律及不同价值背景下经济圈结构模式、效益和农牧民生计行为的一般特征。结果表明：户库伦生态系统服务价值呈正态分布模式,为0～4.5亿元,其中中低（50万～300万元）及中高（300万～700万元）价值户库伦在全旗所占比例最高（59.04%、23.17%）;低（0～50万元）及高（700万元以上）价值户库伦数较少（12.43%、5.36%）;库伦生态经济圈均为以畜牧为主、农林为辅的农林草畜复合生态产业发展模式,经济效益随库伦土地的生态系统服务价值增加而增大;农牧户消费支出结构具有相似性,农牧业生产投入、礼节性支出和交通费用支出比例较高,占比分别为37.92%、22.71%、13.28%,且随着收入增加渐增;近35年区域生态环境显著改善,极大地提高了农牧户经济效益和生活水平。     

Management of the marine environment: integrating ecosystem services and societal benefits with the DPSIR framework in a systems approach

Ever increasing and diverse use of the marine environment is leading to human-induced changes in marine life, habitats and landscapes, making necessary the development of marine policy that considers all members of the user community and addresses current, multiple, interacting uses. Taking a systems approach incorporating an understanding of The Ecosystem Approach, we integrate the DPSIR framework with ecosystem services and societal benefits, and the focus this gives allows us to create a specific framework for supporting decision making in the marine environment. Based on a linking of these three concepts, we present a set of basic postulates for the management of the marine environment and emphasise that these postulates should hold for marine management to be achieved. We illustrate these concepts using two case studies: the management of marine aggregates extraction in UK waters and the management of marine biodiversity at Flamborough Head, UK.     

伽利略系统及其对IGS用户提供的潜在利益

详细介绍了伽利略系统的主要技术特性、当前状态,其对IGS带来的潜在利益以及伽利略系统对IGS的倡议行动和长期计划.     

Carbon sequestration in agroforestry systems

Abstract

Management of trees in agroecosystems such as agroforestry, ethnoforests, and trees outside forests can mitigate green house gas (GHG) emissions under the Kyoto Protocol. Agroforestry systems are a better climate change mitigation option than oceanic, and other terrestrial options because of the secondary environmental benefits such as helping to attain food security and secure land tenure in developing countries, increasing farm income, restoring and maintaining above-ground and below-ground biodiversity, corridors between protected forests, as CH₄ sinks, maintaining watershed hydrology, and soil conservation. Agroforestry also mitigates the demand for wood and reduces pressure on natural forests. Promoting woodcarving industry facilitates long-term locking-up of carbon in carved wood and new sequestration through intensified tree growing. By making use of local knowledge, equity, livelihood security, trade and industry, can be supported. There is need to support development of suitable policies, assisted by robust country-wide scientific studies aimed at better understanding the potential of agroforestry and ethnoforestry for climate change mitigation and human well-being.     

巴彦淖尔市暴雨引发山洪、渍涝及内涝灾害气象服务分析

文章对2012年6月25—28日内蒙古巴彦淖尔市暴雨过程的预报预警、气象服务、监测联防、上下联动、信息传播以及气象监测预警服务评价和效益分析进行了剖析、归纳和总结,此次气象服务效益贡献率为9.34%,减少人员伤亡贡献率为8.5%,为今后做好气象灾害的防灾减灾积累经验。     

山东黄河滩区概况及政策补偿探讨

简要介绍了黄河下游山东滩区的基本情况,认为存在的主要问题是滩区安全建设滞后、受淹群众无经济补偿和经济发展相对落后等。提出滩区安全建设措施和滩区实行滞洪区补偿、事前风险规避、事后经济补偿、长期补助、后期扶持等补偿政策思路,以期实现滩区经济可持续发展。     

Analysis of comprehensive benefits of transforming slope farmland to terraces on the Loess Plateau: A case study of the Yangou Watershed in Northern Shaanxi Province, China

De-farming slope farmland has been an effective measure in recent years to improve environment and prevent soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau.There are different views about the defarming method,and also various de-farming patterns have been put into practice.This paper takes the Yangou Watershed in Shaanxi Province of China as a case for studying the comprehensive benefits of transforming slope farmland to terraces.Based on the day-by-day meteorological data of the Yan'an station in 2005 and the data...