武汉城市地下空间工程地质研究

利用武汉市现有勘察资料,初步分析研究城市地下空间的物质载体及其空间组合关系,从空间岩土体工程地质性质和赋水条件入手,研究得出武汉城市地下空间的利用存在岩溶地面塌陷、地下水作用、软土变形三大工程地质问题。在此基础上进行地下空间利用区划,指出各区在地下工程建设中需要重点防范的工程地质问题和合理利用地下空间的方法。最后以武汉地铁首期工程为例,分析工程地质优势与问题,提出防范问题的措施建议。     

中国西北地区干旱气侯学的新进展及其主要科学问题

回顾了“十五”期间中国西北地区干旱气侯学的进展。就遥感监测、西北干旱形成机制、西北地区年代际的气候变化、西北干旱新的强讯号、高原干旱气候生态作物适应性和西北干旱监测预测业务服务综合系统等方面所取得重要研究进展和学术成就,作了系统的回顾;并对21世纪初干旱气侯学的主要科学问题作了展望。     

一类退缩反应扩散方程组初边值问题解的存在性和唯一性

利用紧性理论，证明了扩散现象中出现的一类退缩抛物型方程组初边值问题解的存在性和唯一性。     

基于虚拟观测的病态问题解法

在大地测量数据处理领域中,处理病态问题的主要方法有:岭估计方法、奇异值分解法(SVD)、Tik-honov正则化方法等,但是这些方法大多数是强调数学上的意义,没有充分联系大地测量的实际情况,因此不利于在测绘领域病态问题本质的理解和研究。为使病态问题的求解具有实际的物理意义,提出了基于虚拟观测的岭估计方法。该方法将先验约束条件作为一类互相独立的虚拟观测值,从而把病态问题转化为测量平差问题,然后运用Helmert方差估计法来确定岭参数。该方法还可以得到的参数之间的权矩阵,用它来代替虚拟观测值的权矩阵,重新对参数进行计算,则实现了该方法向广义岭估计的推广。实际算例分析的结果表明该方法不仅计算简单而且能保证结果精确。     

网络地图问题及其解决方案

网络地图或网上地图是指在因特网上浏览、制作和使用的地图,越来越多的人从网络上获取地图和相关信息,但是,它在方便大众的同时也存在很多问题,文章分析和总结了当前网络地图的主要特点和存在的问题,并在此基础上,讨论网络地图相关问题的解决方案以及可以采取的措施。     

单纯形—模拟退火混合算法反求水文地质参数及其并行求解

本文利用单纯形法局部搜索速度快和模拟退火算法全局寻优的特点,同时为了克服各自算法的弊病,提出采用单纯形—模拟退火混合算法(SMSA)进行水文地质逆问题的求解。论文详细描述了SMSA算法的具体操作算子的实现,并将该算法应用于一个大型水源地的地下水模拟反演。计算结果表明,SMSA算法在水文地质参数反演计算具有求解速度快,精度高的特点,而且易于实现并行运算。     

单纯形一模拟退火混合算法反求水文地质参数及其并行求解

本文利用单纯形法局部搜索速度快和模拟退火算法全局寻优的特点，同时为了克服各自算法的弊病，提出采用单纯形一模拟退火混合算法（SMSA）进行水文地质逆问题的求解。论文详细描述了SMSA算法的具体操作算子的实现，并将该算法应用于一个大型水源地的地下水模拟反演。计算结果表明，SMSA算法在水文地质参数反演计算具有求解速度快，精度高的特点，而且易于实现并行运算。     

河道洪水反流向演算过程迭代方法

在流域防洪调度中需要考虑河槽的调蓄作用,河道洪水反流向演算可以简化河库联合调度模型的求解;马斯京根法是河道洪水演算的常用方法,但不能直接用于解决洪水反流向演算问题;提出了马斯京根法和迭代试算相结合的过程迭代算法;实例表明方法是实用有效的。     

A level-set corrector to an adaptive multiscale permeability prediction

We consider the inverse problem of permeability estimation for two-phase porous-media flow. The novel approach is based on regularization by zonation, where the geometry and size of the regions are chosen adaptively during the optimization procedure. To achieve this, we have utilized level-set functions to represent the permeability. The available data are sparsely distributed in space; hence, it is reasonable to confine the estimation to coarse-scale structures. The level-set approach is able to alter the boundaries between regions of different permeability without strict restrictions on their shape; however, when the data are sparse, a reasonable initial guess for the permeability is required. For this task, we use adaptive multiscale permeability estimation, which has the potential of identifying main permeability variations. These are described by a piecewise constant function, where the constant values are attained on rectangular zones. In the current work, we develop a level-set corrector strategy, assuming adaptive multiscale permeability estimation as a predictor.     

The Restricted Hill Four-Body Problem with Applications to the Earth–Moon–Sun System

Starting from the four-body problem a generalization of both the restricted three-body problem and the Hill three-body problem is derived. The model is time periodic and contains two parameters: the mass ratio ν of the restricted three-body problem and the period parameter m of the Hill Variation orbit. In the proper coordinate frames the restricted three-body problem is recovered as m → 0 and the classical Hill three-body problem is recovered as ν → 0. This model also predicts motions described by earlier researchers using specific models of the Earth–Moon–Sun system. An application of the current model to the motion of a spacecraft in the Sun perturbed Earth–Moon system is made using Hill's Variation orbit for the motion of the Earth–Moon system. The model is general enough to apply to the motion of an infinitesimal mass under the influence of any two primaries which orbit a larger mass. Using the model, numerical investigations of the structure of motions around the geometric position of the triangular Lagrange points are performed. Values of the parameter ν range in the neighborhood of the Earth–Moon value as the parameter m increases from 0 to 0.195 at which point the Hill Variation orbit becomes unstable. Two families of planar periodic orbits are studied in detail as the parameters m and ν vary. These families contain stable and unstable members in the plane and all have the out-of-plane stability. The stable and unstable manifolds of the unstable periodic orbits are computed and found to be trapped in a geometric area of phase space over long periods of time for ranges of the parameter values including the Earth–Moon–Sun system. This model is derived from the general four-body problem by rigorous application of the Hill and restricted approximations. The validity of the Hill approximation is discussed in light of the actual geometry of the Earth–Moon–Sun system. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.