煤层气分离富集吸附剂抑爆隔爆性能实验研究

针对含氧煤层气变压吸附分离过程中存在的安全问题,通过实验的方法研究了吸附剂对瓦斯气体的抑爆和隔爆特性,旨在为煤矿抽排瓦斯分离过程中的安全生产提供参考。实验以甲烷与空气的混合气及甲烷与氧气的混合气为研究对象,其中甲烷体积分数分别为10%和36%。研究结果如下：当吸附剂处于爆炸气氛的环境中,在吸附剂装填区域进行点火引爆不会发生爆炸;对不装填吸附剂的区域进行点火引爆,火焰不能通过吸附剂层传递到其他区域;压力波通过吸附剂层时出现了较大的衰减,如甲烷与氧气的混合气在大气压下引爆后,压力由起爆容器的5.5 MPa迅速衰减到了0.03 MPa。研究结果表明：吸附剂具有抑爆和隔爆的特性,可对吸附分离系统起到安全防护作用。     

Demonstration of a Method to Suppress Radon Emanation from Uranium-bearing Wastes

The authors have previously done a theoretical study of radon emanation and quantitatively demonstrated that a small pore of even nanometer size with moisture in its microscopic grain structure can give as high a radon emanation coefficient as around 0.18. Therefore, it was concluded necessary to remove pores of any size in the grain in order to suppress radon emanation. Melting of uranium-bearing wastes is one of the best technologies for this purpose. In order to verify this theoretical finding, a series of experiments was carried out using three test samples; unprocessed, cemented and vitrified calcium superphosphate. Calcium superphosphate was chosen because it resembles a uranium-bearing waste like sludge in terms of both radioactive nuclide adhesion on the grain surface of the waste matrix (surface contamination) and the grain geometric shape. As expected from the theory, radon emanation from the vitrified sample was extremely low compared to the unprocessed sample. On the other hand, radon emanation from the cemented sample remained very high. The present study opens doors to suppression of radiation exposure from radon and to safe disposal which does not depend on integrity of the final waste form and the site cover soil.     

Radon Emanation Dependence on Grain Configuration

Very small pores called ‘nanopores’ play an important role in enhancement of radon emanation in grains. The concept of nanopores was originally proposed by Rama and Moore. The present paper has evolved this concept into more specific grain configurations to estimate radon emanation coefficients by theoretical calculations. These configurations cover combinations of nanopore geometry and radium distribution in grains. Radium is the parent nuclide of radon. Assuming isotropic emission of radon from its birthplace with recoil energy imparted by the decay of radium, the present calculation led to nearly the same high radon emanation coefficients as measured; these were as high as 0.18 under moist conditions. Therefore, it was theoretically verified that even small pores of nanometer size may contribute to high radon emanation.     

某发动机涂镀层厚度检测台机架动力学分析

首先建立了检测台机架有限元模型,计算了其前5阶固有频率。作为对比研究,同时进行了实验模态测试分析。分析结果表明415 Hz以内有10个模态参数MAC校验矩阵相互独立,其中前5阶和有限元理论计算结果基本符合。研究结果为检测台伺服驱动自动控制系统的优化设计提供了理论依据,对于检测台振动抑制具有重要意义。     

结合新型高效表面活性剂APG的超声波喷雾降尘技术

将新型高效表面活性剂APG与超声波喷雾降尘技术结合起来,可极大提高降尘效果。2101工作面采用此项技术后,采煤时的粉尘浓度平均降到85.6 mg/m3,降尘效率达到86.7%,可有效抑制粉尘浓度,且APG是可生物降解的,对矿工皮肤没有刺激性。     

细水雾抑制瓦斯爆炸试验研究

基于细水雾抑爆机理,将特定的细水雾环组安装于大型瓦斯煤尘爆炸试验巷道,研究不同喷雾压力下和不同细水雾环组长度对瓦斯爆炸的抑爆效果。试验结果表明,在试验条件下细水雾抑制瓦斯爆炸的效果与喷雾压力及细水雾环组长度有关,喷雾压力越大、细水雾环组长度越长,抑爆效果越好。     

泡沫金属抑制瓦斯爆炸火焰的实验及机理研究

为探求新型有效阻隔瓦斯爆炸装置,研究适合煤矿使用的阻隔爆材料,利用自行设计制作的30 cm×30 cm方形实验管道进行瓦斯爆炸实验研究工作。文中测试放置0.3 g/cm3泡沫铁镍金属材料后的管道火焰温度数据,并结合火焰大小,共同作为判定该材料对爆炸波能量控制能力的指标。实验表明,0.3 g/cm3泡沫铁镍金属具有抑制瓦斯爆炸火焰波的作用和较强的阻火能力,对管道内瓦斯爆炸火焰温度最大衰减率在7.1%~70.7%之间。研究发现,厚度、孔径及基体材料成分对火焰波的抑制效果存在一定的影响,厚度大、孔径小、含镍成分高的多孔泡沫铁镍金属材料有利于火焰波的衰减。     

35 kV电缆雷电过电压仿真与分析

介绍了由于雷害造成电缆击穿事故的实例。根据故障记录波形和电磁暂态仿真软件EMTP-ATP对事故成因和过程进行仿真分析。结果表明,对于进线具有电缆段的变电站,当电缆末端空载时,雷电过电压波会沿着架空线路传到电缆末端产生全反射,造成电缆电压过高,超过绝缘水平继而击穿接地发生事故。此类变电站应注意避免电缆末端开路的运行方式,并且考虑在进线端处加装避雷器等保护装置。该结论为变电站防雷设计提供了参考。     

10kV消弧线圈补偿系统的应用研究

针对目前10k V电网中性点不接地方式存在的安全隐患以及老式消弧线圈的缺点,设计了一种基于DSP TMS320F2812的可控消弧线圈补偿装置,装置采用改进极值法在线测量接地电容电流,根据中性点位移电压识别电网运行状态,判断故障类型,采用晶闸管二次调容的方式实现动态调谐,设计采用过补偿和全补偿相结合的控制策略。测试结果表明,该系统能实现电容电流的在线精确测量和接地电容电流自动补偿的功能,可靠性高,有良好的应用前景。