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991.
This paper introduces an analytical model to investigate the energy efficiency of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordinated
function (DCF). This model not only accounts for the number of contending nodes, the contention window, but also the packet
size, and the channel condition. Based on this model, we identify the tradeoff in choosing optimum parameters to optimize
the energy efficiency of DCF in the error-prone environment. The effects of contention window and packet size on the energy
efficiency are examined and compared for both DCF basic scheme and DCF with four-way handshaking. The maximum energy efficiency
can be obtained by combining both the optimal packet size and optimal contention window. To validate our analysis, we have
done extensive simulations in ns-2, and simulation results seem to match well with the presented analytical results.
The Ohio Board of Regents Doctoral Enhancements Funds and the National Science Foundation under Grant CCR 0113361 have supported
this work.
Xiaodong Wang received his B.S. degree in communication engineering from Beijing Information Technical Institute of China in 1995, and
his M.S. degree in electric engineering from Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics of China in 1998. He joined
China Telecom in 1998 where he worked on communication protocols for telecommunication. From June 2000 to July 2002, he worked
on GSM base station software development at Bell-labs China, Beijing, China. Currently he is a Ph.D. student in Computer Engineering
at University of Cincinnati. His research activities include wireless MAC protocols, energy saving for wireless sensor networks.
He is a student member of the IEEE.
Jun Yin received the BS degree in automatic control from Dalian Railway Institute of China in 1997, and the MS degree in flight control
from Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics of China in 2001. Since 2001 she has been a Ph.D. student in the OBR
Research Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing at the University of Cincinnati. Her research interests include performance
evaluation of 802.11 MAC protocol, wireless ad hoc networks and sensor networks. She is a student member of the IEEE.
Dharma P.Agrawal IEEE Fellow, 1987; ACM Fellow, 1998; AAAS Fellow, 2003 Dr. Agrawal is the Ohio Board of Regents Distinguished Professor of
Computer Science and Computer Engineering in the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Computer Science, University
of Cincinnati, OH. He has been a faculty member at Wayne State University, (1977–1982) and North Carolina State University
(1982–1998). He has been a consultant to the General Dynamics Land Systems Division, Battelle, Inc., and the U. S. Army. He
has held visiting appointment at AIRMICS, Atlanta, GA, and the AT&T Advanced Communications Laboratory, Whippany, NJ. He has
published a number of papers in the areas of Parallel System Architecture, Multi computer Networks, Routing Techniques, Parallelism
Detection and Scheduling Techniques, Reliability of Real-Time Distributed Systems, Modeling of C-MOS Circuits, and Computer
Arithmetic. His recent research interest includes energy efficient routing, information retrieval, and secured communication
in ad hoc and sensor networks, effective handoff handling and multicasting in integrated wireless networks, interference analysis
in piconets and routing in scatternet, use of smart directional antennas (multibeam) for enhanced QoS, Scheduling of periodic
real-time applications and automatic load balancing in heterogeneous workstation environment. He has four approved patents
and three patent filings in the area of wireless cellular networks. 相似文献
992.
993.
V.J. Logeeswaran F.E.H. Tay M.L. Chan F.S. Chau Y.C. Liang 《Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing》2003,37(1):17-33
In this paper, the response to the first harmonic component (2f) of the electrostatic force in single terminal driven electrostatic comb-drive and parallel-plate drive was used as a signal to extract device parameters, namely, the Q-factor and resonant frequency instead of the fundamental (1f) resonance response. It is shown that the difficulty in motional measurement due to electrical cross-talk (parasitics) using 1f measurement can be overcome with a higher signal-to-noise ratio of the 2f signal. Both atmospheric (low-Q) and reduced pressure environment were investigated using off-chip electronics and lock-in amplifier. The measurements were done on the electrostatic comb-drive and capacitive parallel plate sensing plates that form the two core modules of a yaw rate sensor (dual-axis resonator). The effects of AC and DC bias voltages on the measured response have been investigated. Experimental amplitude and phase response data have been analysed using the Lorentzian curve-fit, Resonance Curve Area (RCA) method, the half-power bandwidth method (3 dB) and the Nyquist plot for data fitting and determination of the Q-factor and resonance frequency. 相似文献
994.
Modified (α‐diimine)nickel(II) catalysts are suitable for ethylene oligomerization reactions. Due to the mechanism (“chain running”), the formation of double‐bond isomers and branched olefins can be observed. The obtained oligomer mixtures show a Schulz–Flory distribution. Increasing ethylene pressure favors the selectivity of α‐olefin formation. The same effect can be observed when Lewis bases like thiophene or furane are added to the oligomerization reaction mixture. These results can be related to an interaction of the additives with the catalytic active species during the oligomerization process. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 1356–1361, 2003 相似文献
995.
金属包覆平板波导模式特性的有限元法分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用有限元法(FEM)分析了具有复数折射率的金属包覆介质波导的模折射率与模场分布情况。计算了具有损耗层的6层介质平板波导模折射率,并与解析解比较,二者有较好的一致性;分析了金属包覆3层平板波导中TM模折射率与波导芯厚度的变化关系,计算了金属包覆5层平板波导中TM模折秧经与金属层厚度的变化关系,并结合对模场分布的分析对模式进行了定性判断,给出了其模式演变过程。 相似文献
996.
997.
Frdric Boschet Catherine Branger Andr Margaillan Thieo E Hogen‐Esch 《Polymer International》2005,54(1):90-95
The synthesis of 2,2,3,3‐tetrahydro‐perfluoroundecanoyl end‐functionalized polystyrene–poly(ethylene oxide) block (PS‐block‐PEO‐RF) copolymers and their matching PS‐block‐PEO diblock copolymers was carried out by sequential anionic polymerization. Viscometry and 19F NMR studies show that the PS‐block‐PEO copolymers, in contrast to their matching PS‐block‐PEO‐RF copolymers, exhibit a micellar rather than the associative behavior seen for the latter. However, the presence of an excess of fluorinated acid, used for end‐functionalization, produces a reduction of the associative behavior above the overlap concentration, with the fluorinated acid acting like a surfactant. A competition may also occur between PS—and RF—mediated micellization. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
998.
It is necessary to determine the accurate reflectance of painted surfaces for the review of paint finishes by computer graphics (CG) before actual painting of the exterior color of automobiles, and for quality control during production and inspection processes. We have optimized a method for measuring reflectance by using a statistical technique. We have found that the reflectance of a painted surface is best measured at an incident angle of 60° and at five aspecular angles of 10°, 18°, 28°, 40°, and 90°. Our method makes it possible to accurately reproduce reflection characteristics of paint finishes containing special flake pigments, such as pearl mica. Also it was proved that our method can apply not only to solid and metallic coatings but to all painted surfaces. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 30, 275–282, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20125 相似文献
999.
The removal of Cu(II) by adsorption on fly ash has been found to be concentration, pH and temperature dependent. The kinetics of adsorption indicates the process to be diffusion controlled. The Langmuir constants have been calculated at different temperatures, and the adsorption has been found to be endothermic (ΔH = 15.652 kcal mol?1). The maximum removal is observed at pH 8.0, and variation in adsorption with pH has been explained on the basis of surface ionisation and complexation. 相似文献
1000.
量子阱红外探测器能带结构的计算 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
利用电子波在阱与垒的界面上的反射及干涉效应,计算了量子阱红外探测器(QWIP)的能带结构,并对其适用性进行了分析和讨论。通过与K-P模型比较发现,本方法对计算较宽势阱(阱宽大于4nm)的量子阱结构的电子态适合。在垒宽和阱宽不变条件下,用两种方法计算得到的AlGaAs/GaAs量子阱材料中Al组分x与吸收峰值波长λp的关系曲线基本相同。结果说明,在较宽的范围内,本方法对QWIP能带结构的计算是适用且简便的。 相似文献