电动汽车动力电池变流放电特性与荷电状态实时估计

通过对电动汽车常用的铅酸动力电池大电流变流放电实验数据与特性的研究，建立以能动势和计算等效内阻为基本参数的电池动态模型，并得到了当电池放电电流大于某一特定临界电流时电池等效内阻趋于稳定的规律。基于这一重要规律，实现了以能动势为依据来估计电池荷电状态(SOC)的方法。该方法在电池大电流放电时，可以仅根据放电电流和在线端电压来估计SOC．分析和初步实验表明，这种电池SOC估计方法简单易行，实时性强，应用前景良好．     

无监督聚类在锂离子电池分类中的应用

单体电池的一致性,决定了电池组的性能,如何选出性能一致的单体电池又一直是电池组研究中的重点所在。本文采集了100个合格锂离子电池的6项性能指标(老化前后电压、容量、内阻、1C放电平台、电芯厚度),运用主成分分析(PCA)、核主成分分析(KPCA)、随机森林(RF)3种无监督聚类方法,对数据结构进行了研究。结果表明,数据指标之间存在复杂的非线性关系,主成分分析和核主成分分析,均未能形成明显聚类,但随机森林数据在低维空间显然形成4类,任意从中选4个电池组成电池组作循环性能仿真测试,结果显示由由该方法挑选出的单体电池具有较好的一致性。     

封隔高压一次充填防砂技术及其应用

管内外充填是当前砾石充填防砂技术的发展趋向,封隔高压一次充填正是这样的一种防砂技术。介绍了高压充填技术原理、工具结构及工作原理、施工程序,阐述了排量、压力等主要参数设计方法,介绍了在单层老井、多层大井段井、新井新层、斜井及粉细砂岩井的应用效果。该工艺施工简单,周期短,防砂有效期长,适应性强,采液强度高,便于后期处理,综合效益较高。     

A novel charging/discharging balancing strategy for lithium battery pack based on mixed charging mode

Series‐connected lithium batteries can be charged in the pack‐charging mode, which is most widely used in the lithium battery application field. But the pack‐charging mode will lead to cell imbalance because of the difference in the electrochemical characteristics of the cells of series‐connected batteries. On the other hand, the cell‐charging mode can avoid the imbalance problem by charging each cell independently, but it will reduce the charging efficiency and increase the cost. In this paper, a novel balancing strategy is proposed with a mixed pack‐charging and cell‐charging mode to implement the balancing algorithm. The proposed strategy aims to solve the problem of charge/discharge imbalance with the simplest balancing algorithm with high balancing performance. There is no complex balancing behaviors during the charging process – as is the case with many other existing schemes – so the control algorithm can be greatly simplified. Because each cell can be fully charged and discharged with the proposed algorithm, it helps to make full use of the energy and capacity of each cell. The system stability and reliability of the proposed system, as well as its good performance, are verified through experiments. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Analyses of the gaseous species in halide-activated cementation coating packs

The partial pressures of equilibrium gaseous species in pack-cementation diffusion processes using pure condensed Al(l), Cr(s), and Si(s) metals activated by various halide salts under Ar or reducing environments which contain different amounts of hydrogen have been calculated. The analyses indicate that the presence of hydrogen gas in the system does not significantly alter the equilibrium partial pressures of gaseous species for a pack containing Al at unit activity. In general, the partial pressures of CrCl₂ and SiCl₂ are higher in a chloride-activated pack than in a fluoride-activated pack. Therefore, the codeposition of Cr or Si with Al is possible when a chloride salt is used as the activator with a masteralloy of composition dilute in Al. The addition of hydrogen to the gas phase decreases the partial pressure of Cl₂ and thereby the partial pressures of CrCl₂ and SiCl₂. However, the presence of hydrogen and the formation of hydrogen halides and metal hydrides could increase the kinetics of the transporting processes, particularly for the coatings of Cr and Si. The study also indicates that the vapor pressures for the volatile chlorides of Fe are significantly higher than those for Ni or Co, so that displacement reactions leading to the loss of Fe from the substrate are expected for coating processes involving high halide activities.     

45钢直流电场增强粉末法渗硼层相结构与性能

在粉末渗剂和45钢试样上施加4 A电流的直流电场,于800℃进行直流电场增强渗硼。以X射线衍射、光学显微观察和显微硬度测试等手段,分析位于电场不同位置试样渗硼层的相结构、显微组织、厚度与及显微硬度分布。结果表明:电场渗硼的渗层组织形态基本与常规渗硼的一致,以锯齿状楔入基体,但其相结构、显微硬度分布、厚度等与试样位置有关;朝正极面的渗层一般由Fe B和Fe2B两相组成,渗层较厚且较硬;朝负极面的渗层主要由Fe2B组成,随渗硼时间延长Fe B先增加,后减少至消失;渗硼时间等于及超过2 h,渗层下出现明显的过渡区;渗层厚度与保温时间关系曲线呈抛物线特征。从直流电场对渗剂化学反应、含硼活性基团在气氛中的扩散及硼在试样内扩散的影响等方面进行了分析。     

不同稀土掺杂固体渗铬对Cr-RE渗层结构及性能的影响

目的 改善GCr15轴承钢的表面性能,以满足其在重载恶劣工况下服役的要求。方法 采用固体包埋法对GCr15轴承钢进行渗铬处理,通过添加不同的稀土氧化物La2O3、Y2O3和CeO2,获得三种Cr-RE渗层。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）、能谱仪（EDS）、显微维氏硬度计、Rockwell-C硬度计及球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机,对Cr-RE渗层的表面形貌、截面形貌、物相组成、渗层成分、显微硬度、结合强度和摩擦磨损性能分别进行表征。结果 不同稀土元素添加都能在GCr15轴承钢表面形成一层致密、连续的稀土改性渗铬层,其厚度为10 μm,其中Cr-La渗层韧性和结合强度最好,其压痕等级为HF1。Cr-RE渗层主要由Cr7C3、Cr2C和(Cr,Fe)7C3等相组成。Cr-RE渗层能显著提高基体表面硬度,其中Cr-Y渗层表面硬度最大可达1520 HV。三种Cr-RE渗层均有提高耐磨性和减摩作用,其中Cr-La渗层具有最好的摩擦学性能,其平均摩擦系数为0.4714,磨损率为4.4806×10?7 mm3/(N?m),其磨损机理为粘着转移和氧化磨损。结论 稀土掺杂渗铬能有效改善渗铬层的韧性和耐磨性,其中Cr-La渗层综合性能最好。     

Nb-Ti-Si 合金表面辉光离子渗 Mo / 包埋渗 Si制备 MoSi2 涂层的研究

目的在Nb-Ti-Si合金表面制备MoSi2涂层。方法先进行辉光离子渗Mo,再进行包埋渗Si。分析温度对渗Mo层表面形貌、厚度、元素互扩散的影响,以及渗Si后涂层的表面形貌和结构。结果在1100℃进行辉光离子渗Mo,渗Mo层与基体形成了显著的互扩散。对渗Mo层进行包埋渗Si后,所形成的涂层组织致密,具有多层结构,由外向内依次为MoSi2层、NbSi2层和Nb5Si3层,在MoSi2和NbSi2层之间存在(Mo,Nb)Si2互扩散区。结论通过辉光离子渗/包埋渗的方法,可以在Nb-Ti-Si合金表面制备Mo Si2涂层,且涂层与基体呈冶金结合,结合较好。     

铁路液压救援设备液压性能测试装置硬件系统的设计和应用

介绍了铁路救援设备液压性能测试装置工作原理、结构组成和技术特点,通过铁路液压救援设使用备维护现状的分析,提出提高液压救援设备管理维护质量的建议。     

相变胶囊堆积形态对蓄热系统性能的影响分析

建立相变蓄热胶囊的三维有序及无序堆积模型,在此基础上分析相变蓄热胶囊有序及无序对蓄热系统特性的影响。通过对蓄热系统的蓄热量、蓄热用时、蓄热效率及系统内温度分布等关键性能指标情况分析,提出一种判定蓄热终点的新方法。结果表明:当采用有序堆积时系统的各项性能指标最优,叉排堆积时蓄热效率最低,而无序堆积时蓄热总量最少。另外,换热流体流速增加可加快蓄热过程,但此时蓄热系统蓄热效率较低。