云南电网一次调频试验工作现状及策略分析

为提高云南电网频率稳定性,从2005年开始,并网发电机组的一次调频功能规范完善工作逐渐展开。对于火电机组,在广泛借鉴省外经验的基础上,结合自身实际制定了技术合理且可行的实施方案并予以试验验证;对于水电机组,在调研收资的基础上,提出完备合理的解决方案。针对云南电网水电装机容量较大的特点,就一次调频功能投入后的水、火电机组协调动作问题展开研究,给出可行的方案建议。     

黄龙滩水电站扩建工程1号机组调速系统调试

介绍南瑞集团电气控制公司生产的SAFR2000型微机调速器的性能及调试情况,对同类产品使用具有借鉴作用。     

基于信息融合思想的水电仿真建模方法的研究

针对水电仿真建模中的复杂性、时变性等问题，将信息融合思想引入到水电仿真系统的建模过程中，利用融合系统的传感施动模型的系统化设计方法，提出了一种基于信息融合思想的水电仿真系统建模方法，为仿真系统建模提供了一种新的思路与方法。将该方法应用于丰满水电仿真系统调速系统的建模过程中，经实际应用表明，该模型在性能上优于传统的调速器仿真模型。     

TCSC与水轮发电机励磁和水门的多指标非线性协调控制

采用多指标非线性控制设计方法，对TCSC与水轮发电机的励磁和水门进行了协调控制设计。设计过程表明：多指标非线性设计方法能较好地解决多输入多输出高阶非线性控制系统的设计问题，并且对于具有非最小相位环节的水轮发电机非线性控制系统也能有效地解决其设计问题。文中所设计的多指标非线性协调控制律能有效地协调系统各状态量的动、静态性能，既提高了系统的稳定运行能力，改善了系统各状态量的动态响应特性，又能很好地保证机端电压、有功输出和TCSC阻抗这些反应系统输出特性状态量的控制精度。仿真结果表明：TCSC与发电机进行协调控制，有利于提高系统的稳定运行能力，因此，在一次系统电气特性允许的情况下，应考虑将TCSC的安装地点尽量选择在靠近发电厂一侧，以便实施TCSC与发电机的协调控制。     

Speed control of general‐purpose engine with electronic governor

This paper presents a general‐purpose engine speed control system with an electronic governor in order to improve the current system with a mechanical governor, which shows unstable characteristics as a result of a change in mechanical friction or the A/F ratio (air–fuel ratio). The control system above has the problems that the feedback signal is only the crank angle because of cost, and the controlled object is a general‐purpose engine, which is strongly nonlinear. In order to overcome these problems, a system model is presented for dynamic estimation of the amount of air flow, and a robust controller is designed. In concrete terms, the proposed system includes a robust sliding‐mode controller using the feedback signal of only the crank angle, with a genetic algorithm applied to the controller design. Simulations and experiments performed using Matlab/Simulink show the effectiveness of our proposal. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 179(2): 64–71, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21130     

电子调速器控制器的电磁兼容分析与试验验证

基于辐射发射的形成机理,以某型号电子调速器控制器为目标,利用EMSCAN电磁干扰扫描系统对控制器进行近场辐射测试,总结出一套切实可行的辐射发射分析与试验验证方法.在此基础上,对该型号电子调速器控制器进行了整改设计,并进行了试验验证.结果 表明:基于EM-SCAN系统的分析及整改方法效果明显,缩短了电子产品电磁兼容问题的整改设计周期,并节约了测试成本.     

A distributed command governor based on graph colorability theory

In this paper, a distributed command governor (CG) strategy is introduced that, by the use of graph colorability theory, improves the scalability property and the performance of recently introduced distributed noncooperative sequential CG strategies. The latter are characterized by the fact that only 1 agent at a decision time is allowed to update its command, whereas all the others keep applying their previously computed commands. The scalability of these early CG distributed schemes and their performance are limited because the structure of the constraints is not taken into account in their implementation. Here, by exploiting the idea that agents that are not directly coupled by the constraints can simultaneously update their control actions, the agents in the network are grouped into particular subsets (turns). At each time instant, on the basis of a round‐robin policy, all agents belonging to a turn are allowed to update simultaneously their commands, whereas agents in other turns keep applying their previous commands. Then, a turn‐based distributed CG strategy is proposed and its main properties are analyzed. Graph colorability theory is used to determine the minimal number of turns and to distribute each agent in at least a turn. A novel graph colorability problem that allows one to maximize the frequency at which agents can update their commands is proposed and discussed. A final example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.     

智能调速器在农村小型水电站中的应用

农村小型水电站大多建在偏远山区,受投资规模及人员素质限制,调速设备多采用手动控制形式,自动化程度低、调节性能差.当出现突发跳闸事故时极易造成机组飞逸,致使机组在高转速作用下引起机械损坏,在高电压作用下引起绝缘损坏,甚至危及人身安全.大、中型水电站采用的自动化设备和装置普遍都比较先进和复杂,价格昂贵,不适合在农村小型水电站中推广应用.针对以上问题,文中从实际出发,结合当前水电自动化的现状和发展趋势,详实列举了泽州县白水河一级水电站采用小型数字阀智能调速器进行自动化改造的实践与运用,分析了利弊,对于提高农村小型水电站生产效率、促进安全生产具有重要意义.     

Hierarchical optimization of boiler–turbine unit using fuzzy stable model predictive control

This paper develops a hierarchical control system structure based on the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model to achieve an optimal control of a boiler–turbine unit. In the upper layer of the hierarchy, an optimal reference governor is designed to find the optimal operating point. A disturbance term is introduced to the fuzzy model to lump the modeling mismatch and unknown disturbance. Thus, the effect of plant behavior variation can be removed and the operating point found can be feasible to control. In the lower layer, a stable model predictive controller is developed to track the optimal set-points while guaranteeing the input-to-state stability of the system. Fuzzy Lyapunov function and appropriate slack and collection matrices are used to reduce the conservatism of stability design and improve the performance. Through the estimation of the disturbance term using an observer, the two layers in the hierarchy are coupled and the integrated system can realize a dynamic optimal control of the boiler–turbine unit, even in the case of severe plant behavior variations.