Composite adaptive dynamic surface control using online recorded data

This paper presents an online recorded data‐based design of composite adaptive dynamic surface control for a class of uncertain parameter strict‐feedback nonlinear systems, where both tracking errors and prediction errors are applied to update parametric estimates. Differing from the traditional composite adaptation that utilizes identification models and linear filters to generate filtered modeling errors as prediction errors, the proposed composite adaptation integrates closed‐loop tracking error equations in a moving time window to generate modified modeling errors as prediction errors. The time‐interval integral operation takes full advantage of online recorded data to improve parameter convergence such that the application of both identification models and linear filters is not necessary. Semiglobal practical asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system is rigorously established by the time‐scales separation and Lyapunov synthesis. The major contribution of this study is that composite adaptation based on online recorded data is achieved at the presence of mismatched uncertainties. Simulation results have been provided to verify the effectiveness and superiority of this approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive event‐triggered control for nonlinear discrete‐time systems

This paper focuses on the analysis and the design of event‐triggering scheme for discrete‐time systems. Both static event‐triggering scheme (SETS) and adaptive event‐triggering scheme (AETS) are presented for discrete‐time nonlinear and linear systems. What makes AETS different from SETS is that an auxiliary dynamic variable satisfying a certain difference equation is incorporated into the event‐triggering condition. The sufficient conditions of asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop event‐triggered control systems under both two triggering schemes are given. Especially, for the linear systems case, the minimum time between two consecutive control updates is discussed. Also, the quantitative relation among the system parameters, the preselected triggering parameters in AETS, and a quadratic performance index are established. Finally, the effectiveness and respective advantage of the proposed event‐triggering schemes are illustrated on a practical example. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Recursive state estimation for discrete‐time nonlinear systems with event‐triggered data transmission,norm‐bounded uncertainties and multiple missing measurements

In this paper, we consider the recursive state estimation problem for a class of discrete‐time nonlinear systems with event‐triggered data transmission, norm‐bounded uncertainties, and multiple missing measurements. The phenomenon of event‐triggered communication mechanism occurs only when the specified event‐triggering condition is violated, which leads to a reduction in the number of excessive signal transmissions in a network. A sequence of independent Bernoulli random variables is employed to model the multiple measurements missing in the transmission. The norm‐bounded uncertainties that could be considered as external disturbances which lie in a bounded set. The purpose of the addressed filtering problem is to obtain an optimal robust recursive filter in the minimum‐variance sense such that with the simultaneous presence of event‐triggered data transmission, norm‐bounded uncertainties, and multiple missing measurements; the filtering error is minimized at each sampling time. By solving two Riccati‐like difference equations, the filter gain is calculated recursively. Based on the stochastic analysis theory, it is proved that the estimation error is bounded under certain conditions. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Lyapunov‐based small‐gain approach on design of triggering conditions in event‐triggered control systems

This paper studies a Lyapunov‐based small‐gain approach on design of triggering conditions in event‐triggered control systems. The event‐triggered control closed‐loop system is formulated as a hybrid system model. Firstly, by viewing the event‐triggered control closed‐loop system as a feedback connection of two smaller hybrid subsystems, the Lyapunov‐based small‐gain theorems for hybrid systems are applied to design triggering conditions. Then, a new class of triggering condition, the safe, adjustable‐type triggering condition, is proposed to tune the parameters of triggering conditions by practical regulations. This is conducive to break the restriction of the conservation of theoretical results and improve the practicability of event‐triggered control strategy. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the efficiency and the feasibility of the proposed results. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Precise control of reflection response in bandwidth‐enhanced planar antennas

In this work, the issues of bandwidth enhancement of planar antennas and the relevance of precise and automated response control through numerical optimization have been investigated. Using an example of a planar antenna with parasitic radiator we illustrate possible effects of even minor modifications of the antenna geometry (here, applied to the ground plane) on its reflection performance. In particular, a proper handling of geometry parameters may lead to considerable broadening of the antenna bandwidth. For the sake of computational efficiency, the adjustment of geometry parameters is carried out using surrogate‐based optimization methods exploiting coarse‐discretization EM simulations as the underlying low‐fidelity antenna model. Additionally, suitably defined penalty function allows us to precisely control the maximum in‐band reflection so that sufficient margin to accommodate possible manufacturing tolerances can be achieved. The optimized designs of the two antenna structures considered in this work exhibit over 1.75 GHz (>31%) and 2.15 GHz (>38%) bandwidth, respectively, for the center frequency of 5.6 GHz. Simulation results are validated using measurements of the fabricated prototypes. Comparison with state‐of‐the‐art designs is also provided. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 26:653–659, 2016.     

基于事件逻辑的改进Needham-Schroeder协议安全性证明

安全协议是现代网络安全的基础,密码协议的安全性证明是一个挑战性的问题。事件逻辑是一种描述分布式系统中状态迁移的形式化方法,用于刻画安全协议的形式化描述,是定理证明的基础。用事件序语言、事件类和一个表示随机数、密钥、签名和密文的原子类,给出身份认证协议可以被形式化定义和强认证性证明理论。利用该理论对增加时间戳的Needham-Schroeder协议安全性进行证明,证明改进的Needham-Schroeder协议是安全的。此理论适用于类似复杂协议形式化分析与验证。     

阱接触面积对PMOS单粒子瞬态脉冲宽度的影响

使用TCAD模拟工具分析了纳米工艺下阱接触面积对PMOS SET脉冲宽度的影响。结果表明,纳米工艺下,当存在脉冲窄化效应时,增加阱接触面积会导致SET脉冲变宽,这与传统的通过增加阱接触面积可抑制SET脉冲的观点正好相反。同时,还分析了不同入射粒子LET值以及晶体管间距条件对该现象的作用趋势。     

基于Tri-Training的事件关系分类方法研究

事件关系分类是一项研究事件之间存在何种逻辑关系的自然语言处理技术。针对事件关系分类任务中训练语料不足的问题,提出了基于Tri-Training的事件关系分类方法。该方法首先根据已标注的语料训练三个不同的分类器,以多数投票的方式从未标注集中抽取置信度较高的样本对训练集进行扩充,然后利用新的训练集重新训练分类器,反复迭代,不断完善分类模型,最终达到提升事件关系分类性能的目的。实验结果表明,以F1值为评价标准,基于Tri-Training的事件关系分类方法在四大类事件关系上的分类性能为64.36%。     

μC/OS-Ⅱ事件标志组系统漏洞及其修复

μC/OS-Ⅱ的事件标志组在任务间的同步和通信中有着不可忽视的作用。在应用过程中,发现事件标志组存在系统缺陷,通过对其进行深入分析,提出了解决问题的方案,本文详细地描述了解决方案的具体方式及步骤。该解决方案没有改变系统函数接口,对系统实时性影响也较小,有很强的兼容性及可行性。     

Optimistic Byzantine fault tolerance

The primary concern of traditional Byzantine fault tolerance is to ensure strong replica consistency by executing incoming requests sequentially according to a total order. Speculative execution at both clients and server replicas has been proposed as a way of reducing the end-to-end latency. In this article, we introduce optimistic Byzantine fault tolerance. Optimistic Byzantine fault tolerance aims to achieve higher throughput and lower end-to-end latency by using a weaker replica consistency model. Instead of ensuring strong safety as in traditional Byzantine fault tolerance, nonfaulty replicas are brought to a consistent state periodically and on-demand in optimistic Byzantine fault tolerance. Not all applications are suitable for optimistic Byzantine fault tolerance. We identify three types of applications, namely, realtime collaborative editing, event stream processing, and services constructed with conflict-free replicated data types, as good candidates for applying optimistic Byzantine fault tolerance. Furthermore, we provide a design guideline on how to achieve eventual consistency and how to recover from conflicts at different replicas. In optimistic Byzantine fault tolerance, a replica executes a request immediately without first establishing a total order of the message, and Byzantine agreement is used only to establish a common state synchronization point and the set of individual states needed to resolve conflicts. The recovery mechanism ensures both replica consistency and the validity of the system by identifying and removing the operations introduced by faulty clients and server replicas.