经济系统机理及其对系统效益影响分析

依据马克思主义的生产力理论和邓小平同志关于“科学技术是第一生产力”的论述,指出了经济系统的机理及其动力学性质。并在此基础上提出了经济系统生产力和生产力做功的模型及生产力产出效率模型,且与此同时在经济理论上得出: (1)生产力要素所具有的生产力大小等于它在实际产出上的生产力与克服生产关系反作用的生产力之和; (2)投入生产系统的全部生产力做功等于其实际产出做功与克服生产关系反作用做的无用功之和; (3)生产力效率,以及相对生产力效率的概念。作者认为,这些结果对正确认识和分析我国经济发展中存在和出现的一些重大问题可能具有一定的指导意义。     

近场无线能量传输系统的效率研究

对于近场无线能量传输系统,输入信号的波形及平均功率发生变化,可能会对信号能量的传输效率产生一定的影响。针对该问题通过理论分析与实验验证相结合的方式,研究了近场无线能量传输系统的输入信号波形及平均功率的变化对信号能量传输效率所产生的影响。提出了选择方波、正弦波和三角波三种典型波形的信号作为输入信号,进行横、纵向全面分析的方法,得出了同一种波形的输入信号的能量传输效率是相同的,不随信号输入功率的变化而发生改变;不同波形输入信号的能量传输效率是不同的,且方波、正弦波、三角波三种波形信号的无线能量传输效率比为2.622∶1.768∶1。     

军事靶场力量建设问题研究

提出了军事靶场力量的概念及其所包含的内涵,分析了军事靶场力量的构成,研究了军事靶场力量建设中人才队伍建设、场区建设、装备建设、技术建设、法规建设等方面的问题。对深化军事靶场力量的认识和指导军事靶场力量建设有一定的现实意义。     

Psychophysical studies of repetitive wrist flexion and extension

Abstract

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the feasibility of using psychophysical methods to determine maximum acceptable forces for various types and frequencies of repetitive wrist motion. Four adjustable work stations were built to simulate repetitive wrist flexion with a power grip, wrist flexion with a pinch grip, and wrist extension with a power grip. The study consisted of two separate experiments. Subjects worked for two days per week during the first experiment, and five days per week during the second experiment. Fifteen women completed the first experiment, working seven hours each day, two days per week, for 20 days. Repetition rates of 2, 5, 10, 15 and 20 motions per minute were used with each flexion and extension task. Maximum acceptable torques were determined for the various motions, grips, and repetition rates without dramatic changes in wrist strength, tactile sensitivity, or number of symptoms. Fourteen different women completed the second experiment, performing a wrist flexion motion (power grip) fifteen times per minute, seven hours per day, five days per week, for 23 days. There were no significant differences in maximum acceptable torque from day to day. However, the average maximum acceptable torque for a five days per week exposure was 36-3% lower than for the same task performed two days per week. Assuming that maximum acceptable torques decrease 36-3% for other repetition rates and motions, tables of maximum acceptable force were developed for female wrist flexion (power grip), female wrist flexion (pinch grip), and female wrist extension (power grip).     

Component synthesis vibration suppression method of two component forces for flexible spacecraft

Considering the characteristics of two component forces on component synthesis vibration suppression(CSVS) method, two theorems on two component forces suppressing fractional multiple design frequency are given respectively. Meanwhile, the control force, which is composed by two arbitrary component forces with different initial time, can suppress certain frequencies for secondorder undamped vibration system. Using the above theorems, control moment of jet attitude maneuver on flexible spacecraft is designed on the basis principle of CSVS method. The simulations validate the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

二元驱动的河湖历史演变及其启示

以河湖历史演变过程为研究对象,分析了演变的驱动力及其作用特征、影响因素,提出河湖演变呈现出由自然-人工二元平行驱动向二元交错驱动发展的趋势。针对在人为改变河湖水系的历史过程中曾出现过的问题和风险,重点讨论了当前水系布局规划需要思考的问题,包括自然地理分异、气候变化、成本效益、生态环境等。建议拓展研究的维度和尺度,合理利用自然情势并关注人类活动潜在而深远的影响,多途径削减不利影响,以构建满足水资源合理配置、兴利除害、生态环境保护等社会需求的江河湖库水系格局。     

A medical hand tool physical interaction evaluation approach for prototype testing using patient care simulators

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a physical ergonomics assessment approach for medical device handles. The method assesses wrist posture and force of exertion simultaneously by task element. Electrogoniometers and EMG sensors were connected through a data acquisition module for synchronization with video recordings of trials. Task analysis of video recordings were performed offline with Observer XT software. Average posture and force data across several repetitions of individual task elements were calculated and presented in a format suitable for informing product designers of specific issues during a test trial. A handle comfort questionnaire is proposed to survey subjective responses. The evaluation approach was applied to an endoscope needle in sampling a biopsy from the stomach wall using a gastrointestinal track simulator with ten physician surrogates. The results showed that for all task elements the wrist was in extension (33(°)-45(°)). Peak muscle forces ranged from 28% to 68% MVC across the three muscles studied. Muscle peak forces were above ACGIH HAL maximum threshold limits for four of the seven task elements, and above the action limit for all seven task elements for two muscles. The handle comfort questionnaire data also supported the high muscle force findings, and also on force distribution on the handle due to contact stresses. This combined approach could be used to collect and report detailed early stage ergonomics data from user trials on patient care simulators. The approach is proposed for use by medical device designers at the design stage of new products using prototypes, but it could also be used on existing products with real patients.     

Biomechanical assessment of lateral stiffness elements in the suspension system of a backpack

The purpose of this study was to examine the change in load distribution characteristics associated with adding lateral stiffness elements (rods) to a rucksack (backpack). A load distribution mannequin was instrumented with two 3D load cells to allow determination of the load applied to the shoulders and upper torso independent of the load applied to the hips and lower trunk. Position and mass of the payload (25?kg) were fixed at the centre of the volume of the rucksack and held constant during all testing. It was hypothesized that lateral rods would provide a force bridge that transfers part of the vertical load of the pack from the upper back and shoulders to the hip belt thereby reducing the vertical load on the torso, and possibly reducing the horizontal reaction force that produces a shear load on the spine. Results showed that these active stiffness elements shifted 14% of the vertical load from the upper torso to the pelvic region with lumbar shear load remaining relatively unchanged for all combinations of shoulder strap and waist belt tension. The lateral rods also provided a mean increase of 12% in the extensor moment at the L3?–?L4 level, thus reducing some demand on the erector spinae muscles.     

高速艇自由变深水动力试验研究

通过模型试验，研究了高速艇从压栽半潜状态自由变深到高速滑行状态的水动力现象．结果表明，当客积傅氏数大于1.25时，与舷外相通的水能完全自动排出．高速艇自由变深主要有以下5个原因：惯性作用、压栽水逐渐排出导致的艇体上抬作用、艇艉由于负压形成的空穴对压戢水的吸附作用、艇体动升力导致的艇体上抬作用、有利的艉倾作用．其中对具有较快加速运动的情形，惯性作用起重要地位，艇体动升力在排出流道水方面所发挥的作用相对较小，但在保持流道水排空方面发挥主导作用．     

企业竞争优势的识别性研究

企业竞争优势的来源一直是企业战略管理研究的重要问题,更是每个企业管理者所关注的.基于系统和谐理论的思想,指出企业知识状态、资源、外部环境、组织结构及战略五个因素的个体功能及其之间的协同效果,最终达到五者组成系统的动态和谐,形成系统的整合力,从而源发出企业的竞争优势.据此构建数学模型,运用微量变化的方法,从定量的角度进一步识别企业的竞争优势变化,得出了六种情况,针对不同的情况,提出了企业应采取的相应措施以提高其竞争优势.