原子力显微镜下淋巴瘤患者血浆外泌体的物理特征

目的 外泌体是细胞外囊泡的一种，被认为是一种生物信息载体。本文探究在AFM检测下淋巴瘤患者血浆中外泌体的物理特性。方法 从不同亚型淋巴瘤患者的外周血中提取外泌体，首先利用静电吸附法将分离的外泌体固定在云母基质上，然后应用原子力显微镜（AFM）扫描获取外泌体的多参数图像。在纳米/微尺度上，取得外泌体的形貌与力学信息并统计比较。结果 利用AFM表征单个外泌体的力学信息。其中，表面黏附力图像显示，外泌体边缘的能量耗散高于中心部分，因此具有显著边缘效应，来自不同亚型淋巴瘤患者的血浆中外泌体杨氏模量存在差异。结论 血浆中外泌体可被提取并在经过处理固定后可被AFM捕获并测量，血浆外泌体有望成为肿瘤诊断及治疗的新型生物标志物，外泌体的物理特性可能与其生物学性能存在关联。     

生物工程类课程“半自助式”教学模式的探索与实践

介绍“半自助式”教学模式提出的背景、涵义和研究理念,明晰该模式的实施方案和考核评分体系.以《生物工艺学》课程的教学组织为典型案例,分四个阶段介绍如何通过实践题目的布置引出课程内容体系,如何安排基础知识学习,如何将基础知识应用于具体生物工程产品生产以及如何做生产工艺的工厂设计,分析成效,以期为生物工程类课程教学提供一种新型教学模式,提高学生工程实践能力.     

Anaerobic detoxification fermentation by Rhodospirillum rubrum for rice straw as feed with moderate pretreatment

A novel and effective process was put forward for converting rice straw into feed by combining diluted acid hydrolysis and ammonization with Rhodospirillum rubrum fermentation. After pretreatment with dilute sulfuric or phosphoric acid (1%, w/w) at 100°C, materials were subjected to fermentation under several gases (N₂, CO₂, and air) and different light intensities in a 2-L fermentor. The key indexes of feed for fermented materials were estimated and several toxic substances were investigated during the fermentation. Following sulfuric acid treatment, the true protein of rice straw increased from 29 to 143?g?kg^?1 and the crude fiber decreased from 359 to 136?g?kg^?1 after fermentation at 0.3?L?min^?1?L^?1 of N₂ flow and a light intensity of 3400 lux; and following phosphoric acid treatment, the true protein increased by 286% and the crude fiber decreased by 52% after fermentation at 0.4?L?min^?1?L^?1 of N₂ flow and a light intensity of 3000 lux. Other key contents were also improved for use as feed, and some toxic substances (i.e., furfural, hydroxymethylfurfural, acetic acid, phenol, cresol) produced by the pretreatments could be removed at low levels during the fermentations.