基于“岗课赛证”四元融通的“食品微生物检验技术”教学改革与实践

“岗课赛证”四元融通是以课程为中心，将岗位、竞赛和职业证书有机融合于课程的一种教学改革模式。本课程团队以“岗课赛证”融合育人为抓手，通过以岗定课、以赛促课、以证融课的方式，全面实施高等职业院校“食品微生物检验技术”课程教学改革。基于企业岗位能力需求和典型工作任务，开展模块化、项目式教学；以技能竞赛和创新创业大赛为载体，赛教融合，激发学生成长的内生动力，提升学生职业综合素质；基于“1+X”证书制度，课程标准与技能证书标准对接，优化教学资源。通过近三年的教学实践，证实基于“岗课赛证”的“食品微生物检验技术”教学改革能够有效提高学生职业竞争力，满足企业和社会对岗位人才的需求，为职业教育食品专业相关课程改革提供参考。     

Multiple N-glycans cooperate in balancing misfolded BRI1 secretion and ER retention

Key message

N-glycans play a protective or monitoring role according to the folding state of associated protein or the distance from structural defects.

Abstract

Asparagine-linked (Asn/N-) glycosylation is one of the most prevalent and complex protein modifications and the associated N-glycans play crucial roles on protein folding and secretion. The studies have shown that many glycoproteins hold multiple N-glycans, yet little is known about the redundancy of N-glycans on a protein. In this study, we used BRI1 to decipher the roles of N-glycans on protein secretion and function. We found that all 14 potential N-glycosylation sites on BRI1 were occupied with oligosaccharides. The elimination of single N-glycan had no obvious effect on BRI1 secretion or function except N¹⁵⁴-glycan, which resulted in the retention of BRI1 in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), similar to the loss of multiple highly conserved N-glycans. To misfolded bri1, the absence of N-glycans next to local structural defects enhanced the ER retention and the artificial addition of N-glycan could help the misfolded bri1-GFPs exiting from the ER, indicating that the N-glycans might serve as steric hindrance to protect the structure defects from ER recognition. We also found that the retention of misfolded bri1-9 by lectins and chaperones in the ER relied on the presence of multiple N-glycans distal to the local defects. Our findings revealed that the N-glycans might play a protective or monitoring role according to the folding state of associated protein or the distance from structural defects.

     

The Efficacy of Bevacizumab Compared with Other Targeted Drugs for Patients with Advanced NSCLC: A Meta-Analysis from 30 Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials

Background

The extent of the benefit of bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. We performed this meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of bevacizumab with other commonly used targeted drugs for different patients with advanced NSCLC.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and abstracts from the proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), and identified 30 randomized controlled clinical trials published within 1999 to 2011 for meta-analysis.

Results

The outcomes of treatment efficacy included response rate, PFS and OS. Comparing bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) with chemotherapy to standard chemotherapy alone, for chemotherapy-naïve patients, the pooled OR of response rate was 2.741(95%CI: 2.046, 3.672), the pooled HR for disease progression was 0.645 (95%CI: 0.561, 0.743), and the pooled HR for death was 0.790 (95%CI: 0.674, 0.926), respectively. In addition, the adjusted HR for previously-treated patients was 0.680 (95%CI: 0.492, 0.942) comparing bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy to standard chemotherapy alone.

Conclusions

Bevacizumab accompanied by chemotherapy was found to significantly improve patients'' response rate, progression free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) among chemotherapy-naïve patients compared to other targeted drugs in the treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).     

耐旱杂草稻幼苗光合系统对干旱胁迫的响应

干旱胁迫是影响水稻生产最重要的非生物胁迫因子之一。杂草稻具有较强的抗非生物胁迫的能力,是栽培稻遗传改良的重要种质资源。以1份耐旱杂草稻HEB07-2、1份普通杂草稻WR04-6和栽培稻巴西陆稻(iapar9)和越富(yuefu)为材料,研究了杂草稻和栽培稻光合系统、叶温及水分利用效率对干旱胁迫的响应差异。结果表明:PEG模拟干旱胁迫72 h后,旱敏感品种越富总叶绿素含量显著降低,而杂草稻HEB07-2叶绿素含量上升,WR04-6和iapar9总叶绿素含量无显著变化。干旱胁迫期间,供试材料初始荧光(Fo)上升,最大荧光(Fm)下降,旱敏感品种越富上升幅度最大,而HEB07-2的Fo和Fm上升和下降时间较其他试材晚,说明其受伤害时间延后。干旱胁迫使供试材料净光合速率、气孔导度下降,旱敏感品种越富下降幅度最大,HEB07-2最小。利用红外热像仪测定群体温度变化发现,越富和WR04-6在干旱胁迫下叶温显著上升,而HEB07-2和巴西陆稻叶温无显著变化。     

Structural Insights into Stimulation of Ash1L's H3K36 Methyltransferase Activity through Mrg15 Binding

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Tg in Adults as a Sensitive Biomarker of Iodine Status: A 5-Year Follow up Population Study in Different Levels of Iodine Intake Regions

This study was to evaluate the usefulness of serum thymoglobulin (Tg) in adults to assess iodine status through a 5-year cohort study which was conducted in three regions with different levels of iodine intake: mild deficiency, more than adequate, and excess, from 1999 to 2004 in China. A total of 3099 subjects over 14 years old with normal serum levels of Tg in 1999 were eligible, of whom 2448 were followed in 2004. Serum levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid autoantibodies as well as urine iodine were measured, and B-mode ultrasonography of the thyroid was performed. A general linear model was performed to determine the determinant factors of serum Tg. Among subjects with mildly deficient iodine intake, those with more than adequate intake, and those with excessive intake, the baseline levels of serum Tg were substantially different (7.5μg/L, 5.9μg/L, and 6.8μg/L respectively, P<0.01), which were associated with age, sex, the rate of positive TgAb, abnormal thyroid volume, abnormal TSH, and positive personal history of thyroid diseases. The data from 1856 subjects with normal range of thyroid parameters but no personal history of thyroid diseases were analyzed to clarify the effect of iodine intake on Tg. Among these three regions, the serum Tg levels were substantially different in both 1999 and 2004, with a similar pattern for increased Tg (ΔTg) (3.1μg/L, 2.5μg/L and 3.5μg/L respectively, P<0.01). The general linear model analysis revealed that age, Tg, and baseline TSH levels were the determinants of ΔTg besides iodine intake. In conclusion, serum Tg in adults, resulting from a time-accumulative effect of iodine exposure, is a useful biomarker of regional iodine intake.     

Effects of the Biocontrol Agent Aspergillus flavipes on the Soil Microflora and Soil Enzymes in the Rooting Zone of Pepper Plants Infected with Phytophthora capsici

This study examined the effect of ASD strain (Aspergillus flavipes), isolated from continuous cropping soil for pepper and named by the sampling position, on soil microflora and soil enzymes in rooting zone soil of healthy and diseased (Phytophthora capsici) pepper plants. Results showed that the ASD strain could significantly reduce the number of bacteria and actinomycetes, with a significant increase in fungi in the rhizosphere soil of both healthy and diseased plants. With increasing colonization time of the ASD strain, the number of bacteria and actinomycetes decreased initially and then increased gradually, while the number of fungi was first increased significantly and later decreased slowly. The soil enzyme activities of urease, acid phosphatase, invertase and dehydrogenase were significantly increased by the ASD strain, while the activity of catalase was not significantly increased. As time from inoculation with the ASD strain increased, the activities of various enzymes were higher than controls. Maximum enzyme activities were found on the tenth day after ADS inoculation. The response of soil enzyme activities affected by the ASD strain was as follows: urease > dehydrogenase > invertase > acid phosphatase > catalase. These results suggest that the biocontrol of ASD strain could improve the micro ecology of rhizosphere soil.     

基于景感生态学促进生态产品价值实现的方法

建立健全生态产品价值实现机制,迫切需要创新研究思路,突破思维束缚,深挖生态产品价值内涵。从景感生态学原理阐释生态产品属性,梳理生态产品供给特点,分析生态产品消费特征,进而理顺生态系统服务、生态产品、消费者感知与享用转化完整链条。研究发现,景感生态学关键原理与生态产品特征密切对接,景感生态方法能够显化生态产品普及和消费路径,景感指数能够有效度量生态产品数量、质量和溢价。研究认为,基于景感生态学的理论与方法将有助于引导人民群众认识生态产品的科学价值内涵、多样化表现形式,尤其是助力文化服务类生态产品价值转化。根据分析结果提出当前的生态产品价值转化工作具体建议：(1)在生态产品信息调查过程中,要注重与生态产品载体密切相关的光、热、水、土、地磁、放射性和地形地貌等环境信息获取,在基础测绘、自然资源调查基础上追加生态服务关键属性;(2)在制定生态产品目录清单中,应指明该类生态服务形式和对人的感官直接刺激的服务作用,并具体到对人们的视觉、嗅觉、听觉、味觉、光觉、触觉,以及身心健康的整体影响;(3)生态产品供给过程中要注重对人的心理感知,包括宗教、文化、愿景、隐喻、安全等属性的综合考量,保障自然属性与...     

N-terminal residues of an HIV-1 gp41 membrane-proximal external region antigen influence broadly neutralizing 2F5-like antibodies

The Human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) gp41 membrane proximal external region(MPER) is targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies(e.g. 2F5, 4E10, Z13 e and m66.6), which makes this region a promising target for vaccine design. One strategy to elicit neutralizing antibodies against the MPER epitope is to design peptide immunogens mimicking neutralization structures. To probe 2F5-like neutralizing antibodies, two yeast-displayed antibody libraries from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a HIV-1 patient were screened against the 2F5 epitope peptide SP62. Two 2F5-like antibodies were identified that specifically recognized SP62. However,these antibodies only weakly neutralized HIV-1 primary isolates. The epitopes recognized by these two 2F5-like antibodies include not only the 2F5 epitope(amino acids(aa) 662–667 in the MPER)but also several other residues(aa 652–655) locating at the N-terminus in SP62. Experimental results suggest that residues of SP62 adjacent to the 2F5 epitope influence the response of broadly neutralizing 2F5-like antibodies in vaccination. Our findings may aid the design of vaccine immunogens and development of therapeutics against HIV-1 infection.