Highly Sensitive Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensors Utilizing Prism-Waveguide Configuration for Detection of Alzheimer Disease Biomarker

Plasmonics - Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a disease in cognitive regions in the human brain. Also the detection of AD in the early stage is too important. In this regard, a surface plasmon...     

Discopersicus n. gen., a New Member of the Family Tylenchidae ?rley, 1880 with Detailed SEM Study on Two Known Species of the Genus Discotylenchus Siddiqi, 1980 (Nematoda; Tylenchidae) from Iran

Discopersicus iranicus n. gen., n. comb., previously described from Iran as a new species under the genus Discotylenchus, is illustrated using light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations and further studied using molecular characters. SEM studies revealed the newly proposed genus has oblique amphidial apertures on the lateral sides of the lip region. SEM images are also provided for two species of Discotylenchus, namely D. discretus and D. brevicaudatus, as the first SEM study of the genus. These results confirmed longitudinal amphidial aperture type on lateral sides of the lip region in genus Discotylenchus, as noted by Siddiqi while erecting the genus with D. discretus as the type species. Molecular phylogenetic analyses using partial small subunit (SSU) and large subunit (LSU) rDNA sequences revealed the affinity of the genus Discopersicus n. gen. with members of the subfamily Boleodorinae, as supported by morphological characters (mainly, the oblique amphidial opening).     

Effects of neuroleptics on glutaminase from rat synaptosomes

Phosphate-activated glutaminase was isolated from synaptosomes from three areas of rat brain. Glutamine utilization phosphate activation and inhibition by glutamate or ammonia were assessed in the absence or presence of haloperidol, chlorpromazine, or clozapine. All three drugs (at 1 micromolar concentration) elevated theK _m for glutamine using preparations from the amygdala, hippocampus, or striatum. They interfered with phosphate activation only in the amygdala preparation. No drug affected end-product inhibition. The data suggest that neuroleptics may depress the release of glutamic acid from synaptosomes by interfering with the activation of glutaminase by phosphate.     

Role of species identity in plant invasions: experimental test using Imperata cylindrica

The role of species richness, functional diversity and species identity of native Florida sandhill understory species were tested with Imperata cylindrica, an exotic rhizomatous grass, in mesocosms. I. cylindrica was introduced 1 year after the following treatments were established: a control with no native species, five monocultures, a grass mix treatment, a forb mix treatment, and a 3-species treatment and a 5-species treatment. Monthly cover, final biomass, root length, root length density (RLD) and specific root length (SRL) of all species were determined for one full growing season. There was a significant negative linear relationship between the cover of native species and I. cylindrica (r ² = 0.59, P = 0.01) and a negative logarithmic relationship between the biomass of native species and I. cylindrica (r ² = 0.70, P = 0.003). There was no diversity–invasibility relationship. Grasses proved to be the most resistant functional group providing resistance alone and in mixed functional communities. Repeated measures analysis demonstrated that treatments including Andropogon virginicus were the most resistant to invasion over time (P < 0.001). Significantly greater root length (P = 0.002), RLD (P = 0.011) and SRL (P < 0.001) than all of the native species and I. cylindrica in monocultures and in mixed communities made A. virginicus successful. The root morphology characteristics allowed it to be a great competitor belowground where I. cylindrica was most aggressive. The results suggest that species identity could be more important than species or functional richness in determining community resistance to invasion.     

An Acquired and Endogenous Glycocalyx Forms a Bidirectional “Don’t Eat” and “Don’t Eat Me” Barrier to Phagocytosis

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