环境因子对野化培训大熊猫在生境斑块中行为表现的影响

采用动物行为观察中的聚焦动物法和生境斑块调查的样方法, 调查和分析了2003年7月至2004年9月卧龙自然保护区大熊猫"祥祥"在野化培训圈中的行为表现及其与环境因子的关系.结果 表明:野化培训大熊猫在生境斑块中的行为表现主要以取食为主,占63.14%,其次是移动行为和休息行为,分别为15.85%和8.91%,爬树行为最少,仅0.23%;且不同月份各种行为类型的分配格局具有相似模式,无显著性差异(P=1.0).分析食物分布对大熊猫行为表现的影响,其取食、吃馍和称重、休息以及饮水等行为在有无竹子分布的斑块之间差异显著(P<0.05),而其它行为不甚明显(P>0.05).从生境结构的环境组成因子来看,野化培训大熊猫的行为表现除与斑块个别组成因子具有较为明显的相关关系之外(P<0.05),与其它环境因子均无显著性相关(P>0.05).据此对产生这种结果的原因进行了探讨,并对今后圈养大熊猫的野化培训提出了建议.     

玉米紫色植株花色苷色素对小鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的了解玉米紫色植株花色苷色素对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法按中华人民共和国卫生部《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》中的动物实验调节肠道菌群功能的检验方法,观察玉米紫色植株色素对小鼠肠道中肠杆菌、乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量的影响。结果灌服后小鼠肠道乳杆菌、双歧杆菌数量变化差异均无显著性,低剂量组肠扦菌数量明显低于灌服前（P〈0．05）,其他组肠杆菌数量变化差异无显著性。结论玉米紫色植株色素对小鼠肠道菌群可能有影响。     

有机螯合剂在芦苇富集转运铅中的作用

近年来,随着人口的激增和工农业生产的迅猛发展,土壤和水体的重金属污染日益加重。植物提取技术作为一种新兴的修复重金属污染的治理方法,以其潜在的高效、经济及其生态协调性等优势被广泛关注。其研究主要是利用对某些重金属具有超富集能力的超积累植物或耐性植物,配合添加一定量的鳌合剂来进行修复。由于超富集植物一般生长缓慢且生物量小,因此利用对重金属有一定耐性的生长快速、生物量大的植物来进行修复更具有广阔的应用前景。芦苇作为一种多年生禾本科植物,具有生物量大、耐受性强和分布广泛的特点,已经被研究和应用到环境治理的多个领域。本文通过户外盆栽沙培试验,研究了铅胁迫下,分别在 2-10 mmol·L-1共 5 个浓度梯度的 EDTA 和柠檬酸两种鳌合剂处理下,芦苇生长对铅的响应以及对铅在植物体内的富集转运的影响。初试结果表明∶在 4mmol·L-1 Pb(NO3)2胁迫下,施加 EDTA 对芦苇的生长具有一定的抑制作用。当 EDTA 浓度为 10 mmol·L-1 时,透灌 7 d 后,其芦苇根和地上部(茎和叶)干重分别是空白试验(未加螯合剂)的 68.0% 和 72.3%,而柠檬酸对植物生物量的影响较小。同时,EDTA 和柠檬酸对铅在芦苇体内的富集和转运,都起到了促进作用。分别施加 10 mmol·L-1的 EDTA 和柠檬酸,其植物根部和地上部的铅浓度分别为空白试验的 7.4 倍、10.7 倍、2.5 倍、3.5 倍。EDTA 在促进植物体内铅的吸收和从根部到地上部的转运效率方面要比柠檬酸更为有效。尽管像 EDTA 和柠檬酸这样的鳌合剂能够在一定程度上提高植物的富集效率,但考虑到螯合剂自身对植物的毒害性、对环境的潜在威胁以及运行成本等方面因素,目前,寻找高效、廉价、可生物降解的鳌合剂以及大生物量的耐性植物成为植物提取技术的研究重点。     

Overexpression of γ-aminobutyric acid transporter subtype I leads to susceptibility to Kainic acid-induced seizure in transgenic mice

INTroDUCTION.7-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major in-hibitory neurotransmitter in vertebrate brain, in--duces neuronal inhibition via GABA receptors. Adeficiency of GABAergic inhibition has been hy-pothesized to be a principal factor in the patho-genesis of epilepsy[1]. GABA transporters are im-portant components of the GABAergic system, andfunction in part to terminate the GABA transmis-sion through rapid re-uptake of GABA into thepresynaptic neurons and surrounding gliaJ cells[2…     

利用RAPD标记分析鸵鸟种群的遗传变异

为探讨分子遗传标记在鸵鸟(Struthiocamelus)育种中的应用,利用RAPD技术分析了我国养殖的三个主要鸵鸟品种内和品种间的遗传变异.蓝颈鸵鸟、澳洲灰和非洲黑三个品种在品种内和品种间显示出低水平的变异.品种间的遗传距离较好地说明了三个品种的育种改良过程,同时预示出用澳洲灰与其他品种鸵鸟进行杂交育种的可行性.选择的20条在鸡中能稳定扩增的RAPD引物其75%能在鸵鸟基因组中扩增出产物,显示出两种禽类DNA具有同源性,为今后利用鸡的微卫星引物对鸵鸟进行基因组扫描(genomescan)分析奠定基础。 Abstract:To evaluate the molecular genetic markers on ostrich (Struthio camelus)breeding,we have analyzed the genetic variability of three main ostrich breeds by using RAPD.The studies show that the Blue,Australia Grey and African Black have low genetic variability.The genetic distance between breeds clearly illustrates the breeding history,at the same time,it also showes the possibility that cross breeding can be applied to Australia Grey and the breeds.75 percent selected RAPD primers working well in chicken could stably amplify products in ostriches,which implied DNA identity between chicken and ostrich.The work provided a foundation for genomic scanning.     

脊椎动物Sox基因家族的系统发生分析

脊椎动物Sox基因是一类高度保守的基因家族,它们编码一类转录因子,参与多种发育过程的调控,这个家族的共有特征是Sox蛋白具有一个约79个氨基酸,可与DNA特异结合的HMG盒区,该基因家族成员众多复杂,对它们的基因结构,功能及进化关系的研究有助于对该基因家族的全面认识,利用已克隆的全部脊椎动物全长核苷酸／蛋白质数据,对这些数据进行序列比对及进化树的构建,分析Sox基因家族成员的分类及分子进化模式。     

Study of HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Patients Receiving Free Antiretroviral Therapy in China

To investigate the prevalence of drug-resistance mutations,resistance to antiretroviral drugs,and the subsequent virological response to therapy in treatment-naive and antiretroviral-treated patients infected with HIV/AIDS in Henan,China,a total of 431 plasma samples were collected in Queshan county between 2003 and 2004,from patients undergoing the antiretroviral regimen Zidovudine Didanosine Nevirapine(Azt Ddi Nvp).Personal information was collected by face to face interview.Viral load and genotypic drug resistance were tested.Drug resistance mutation data were obtained by analyzing patient-derived sequences through the HIVdb Program(http://hivdb.stanford.edu).Overall,38.5% of treatment-naive patients had undetectable plasma viral load(VL),the rate significantly increased to 61.9% in 0 to 6 months treatment patients(mean 3 months)(P<0.005)but again significantly decrease to 38.6% in 6 to 12 months treatment patients(mean 9 months)(P<0.001)and 40.0% in patients receiving more than 12 months treatment(mean 16 months)(P<0.005).The prevalence of drug resistance in patients who had a detectable VL and available sequences were 7.0%,48.6%,70.8%,72.3% in treatment-na?ve,0 to 6 months treatment,6 to 12 months treatment,and treatment for greater than 12 months patients,respectively.No mutation associated with resistance to Protease inhibitor(PI)was detected in this study.Nucleoside RT inhibitor(NRTI)mutations always emerged after non-nucleoside RT inhibitor(NNRTI)mutations,and were only found in patients treated for more than 6 months,with a frequency less than 5%,with the exception of mutation T215Y(12.8%,6/47)which occurred in patients treated for more than 12 months.NNRTI mutations emerged quickly after therapy begun,and increased significantly in patients treated for more than 6 months(P<0.005),and the most frequent mutations were K103N,V106A,Y181C,G190A.There had been optimal viral suppression in patients undergoing treatment for less than 6 months in Queshan,Henan.The drug resistance strains were highly prevalent in antiretroviral-treated patients,and increased with the continuation of therapy,with many patients encountering virological failure after 6 months therapy.     

云南23个少数民族人群腺苷酸激酶(AK1)多态分布调查

采用淀粉凝胶电泳法,对云南彝、白、哈尼、壮、傣、苗、傈僳、回、拉祜、佤、纳西、瑶、藏、景颇、布朗、普米、怒、阿昌、德昂、基诺、布依、独龙和苦聪人等23个少数民族人群的红细胞腺苷酸激酶(AK1)的多态分布进行了调查。结果,在23个人群中均未检出AK21纯合子。但在彝、回、景颇、布朗、怒和德昂6个民族中检出了AK21杂合子,AK21基因频率在这6个民族中的分布在0.0045-0.0446之间,其中,仅回族的AK21基因达多态水平。 Abstract:The investigation on the distribution of adenylate kinase(AK1)polyorphism in 23 ethnic groups in Yunnan province of China,including the minorities of Yi,Bai,Hani,Zhuang,Dai,Miao,Lisu,Hui,Lahu,Wa,Naxi,Yao,Tibetan,Jingro,Bulang,Pumi,Nu,Achang,Deang,Jino,Buyi,Dulong and Kucong people,was carried out,using starch gel electrophoresis.The results showed that no AK21,homozygote and other variations were found.But AK21 heterozygotes were found in the minorities of Yi,Hui,Jingpo,Bulang,Nu and Deang.The ranges of AK21 gene frequencies were 0.0045-0.0446.     

云南省三个地方鸡种血液淀粉酶多态性分析

采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法,测定了版纳斗鸡、武定鸡、尼西鸡的血液淀粉酶(Amy)。发现云南3个地方鸡种Amy-1的AA、BB型纯合子基因型频率很低, 其中尼西鸡为0,而AB型杂合子基因型频率很高,杂合子显著过量,均偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡。在版纳斗鸡少数个体中还发现控制血液淀粉酶的另一位点Amy-2。 Abstract:Blood amylase polymorphism in 3 Yunnan local chicken breeds(Banna ganme chicken,Wuding chicken.Nixi chicken)was determined with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,It was found that frequen cies of both AA and BB homozygous genotype were very low,while AB heterozyote genotype frequency was very high in 3 Yunnan local chicken breeds and that Amy-1 distribution in these breeds was widely deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium proportion.We have also found that there is another locus Amy-2 which controls the amylase in a few Banna game chickens.     

河豚鱼与人类基因组计划

河豚鱼与人类基因组计划周巍杨焕明刘国仰（中国医学科学院基础医学研究所;中国协和医科大学基础医学院,北京１００００５）ＰｕｆｅｒｆｉｓｈａｎｄＨｕｍａｎＧｅｎｏｍｅＰｒｏｊｅｃｔｓＺｈｏｕＷｅｉＹａｎｇＨｕａｎｍｉｎｇＬｉｕＧｕｏｙａｎｇ（Ｉｎｓｔｉｔ...