汶川大地震后送伤病员病情特点及救治要点

2008年5月12日发生的汶川里氏8．0级地震造成37万余人受伤，近90％为肢体创伤病员。其中，10％-15％患者伴有颅面、胸腹部等处创伤。我院于2008年5月23日及28日分两批收治47名震区空运伤病员，其中骨科伤病员41例。本文针对我院接收的41例骨科伤病员的入院时病情特点、治疗措施及原则等作一简要总结。     

非心脏手术围术期心肌酶谱和肌钙蛋白Ⅰ的变化

目的 观察非心脏手术围术期心肌酶谱和肌钙蛋白Ⅰ(cTnI)的释放规律.方法 30例年龄≥60岁择期全麻手术患者,分别在术前、术中、术毕即刻、术后第1天和第2天测定心肌酶谱,包括谷草转氨酶(AST)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、肌红蛋白(Myo)、α-羟丁氨酸转氨酶(α-HBDH)、线粒体谷草转氨酶(m-AST)和cTnI的值,同时监测HR、BP和ECG.结果 cTnI在非心脏手术围术期未发生心肌缺血或心肌梗死的病例中无显著变化,而心肌酶谱则在术毕和术后第1天均有显著升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01)或超出参考值上限.结论 心肌酶谱在非心脏手术围术期变化显著;cTnI受非心脏手术和麻醉影响较小.     

AC/A ratios in myopic and emmetropic Hong Kong children and the effect of timolol§

Purpose: Caucasian children with myopia have elevated response accommodative vergence to accommodation (AC/A) ratios. The purpose of this study was twofold: to determine if response AC/A ratios vary with refractive error and with myopic progression rate in Hong Kong Chinese children, and to determine the effect of beta‐adrenergic antagonism with topical timolol application on AC/A ratios. Methods: Thirty children aged eight to 12 years participated in the study. All refractive errors were corrected with spectacle lenses. Accommodative responses were measured using a Shin‐Nippon autorefractor and concurrent changes in vergence were assessed using a vertical prism and a Howell‐Dwyer card at three metres and 0.33 metre. Accommodative demand was altered using plus or minus two dioptre lenses and lens‐ and distance‐induced response AC/A ratios were calculated. Measurements were repeated 30 minutes after the instillation of topical timolol maleate (0.5 per cent). Results: AC/A ratios appeared higher in progressing myopic children but the difference was not statistically significant. Timolol application reduced accommodative convergence (AC) in the stable myopes (reduction = ‐3 ± 1.14^A) but not in the emmetropes (0.69 ± 0.9^P) or progressing myopes (0.16 ± 0.43^A) and this difference between refractive groups was statistically s ignificant (F^2,27= 3.766; P= 0.036). However, timolol did not produce a significant change in the accommodative response to positive or negative lenses or response AC/A ratios. Conclusions: We did not find that AC/A ratios in myopic Chinese children were elevated and therefore, it is unlikely that elevated AC/A ratios are responsible for the high levels of myopia that occur in Hong Kong. The finding that timolol reduced AC in the stable myopes suggests that the autonomic control of accommodative convergence in these children may be different from that in emmetropic children and those with progressing myopia.     

GMP认证中值得商榷的八个问题

本文对目前GMP技术改造中有关特殊情况下的洁净级别、洁净区地面处理、防止空气倒流措施、非无菌药品直接接触药品的塑料包装清洗灭菌、洁净区空间消毒等八个问题进行讨论，并提出了作者的观点。     

LISS钢板治疗股骨远端粉碎骨折的疗效分析

目的探讨应用微创固定系统LISS钢板治疗股骨远端粉碎骨折的临床疗效。方法采用LISS钢板治疗股骨远端粉碎骨折26例。结果所有患者获得10—28个月随访，切口Ⅰ期甲类愈合，骨折全部愈合，X线复查骨折对位、对线良好，未发生感染，无内固定钢板、螺钉脱出、断裂等发生。疗效评价采用Kolmert评定标准：优A3型10例，C2型3例；良A3型2例，C2型1例，C3型5例：可C2型2例，C3型2例；差C3型1例。结论采用微刨固定系统LISS钢板治疗股骨远端粉碎骨折，是一种有效的内固定方法，具有操作简便、创伤小、疗效肯定等优点，为术后早期功能锻炼提供保证。     

L4椎管内骨软骨瘤致神经根受压1例报告

患者，男，62岁。2002年3月初开始，无明显外伤史，逐渐出现腰痛伴一侧腿痛4年余，时轻时重，经对症治疗有好转而没有引起重视。近半年腰腿痛症状加重，伴典型间歇性跛行，站立和行走时症状加重，而下蹲或坐下休息和卧床时减轻，疼痛从左侧臀部放射至同侧小腿外侧与足背。门诊以腰椎管狭窄收入院。检查：腰部无畸形，L4棘突与棘突左侧压痛，腰部过伸试验阳性。     

缺氧／复氧对兔肾动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能的影响

目的 探讨缺氧／复氧对肾动脉内皮依赖性一氧化氮(NO)和内皮衍性超极化因子(EDHF)途径舒张功能的影响。方法 采用器官槽法，以兔肾动脉环为研究对象，首先抑制PGI2舒张途径，然后再分别抑制NO和EDHF舒张途径，对给与血管环以缺氧／复氧处理，观察缺氧／复氧分别对NO和EDHF舒张途径的影响。结果 缺氧／复氧使NO途径的内皮依赖性舒张功能减退．而缺氧／复氧对EDHF途径的内皮依赖性舒张功能无变化。结论 缺氧／复氧导致兔肾血管内皮衍性NO途径的舒张损伤．而对EDHF途径的舒张无影响。     

Fas、Bcl-2在γ射线体外诱发的白血病小鼠骨髓细胞中的表达

目的 :观察 Fas、Bcl- 2在 γ射线体外诱发的急性淋巴细胞白血病小鼠骨髓细胞中表达情况 ,以探讨辐射致癌的机制。方法 :采用 4次 1.75 Gyγ射线全身照射 BAL B/ c小鼠诱发白血病模型 ,通过流式细胞仪对照射后白血病组、未癌变组及对照组小鼠骨髓细胞中 Fas、Bcl- 2的表达进行检测 ;应用抗 Fas抗体诱导细胞凋亡 ,进一步观察 Fas、Bcl- 2的表达对骨髓细胞凋亡的影响。 结果 :白血病小鼠骨髓细胞 Fas表达较未癌变组及对照组明显下降 (P<0 .0 1) ,而 Bcl- 2的表达明显增强 (P<0 .0 1) ;白血病小鼠骨髓细胞明显耐受抗 Fas抗体诱导的细胞凋亡。 结论 :Fas低表达、Bcl- 2高表达导致了细胞凋亡受到抑制 ,这可能是辐射引起小鼠急性淋巴细胞白血病的机制之一。     

~(60)Coγ射线照射诱发小鼠恶性肿瘤

目的：建立γ射线诱发小鼠恶性肿瘤动物模型。方法：BALB／c小鼠经^60Coγ射线全身照射，每次吸收剂量1．75Gy，吸收剂量率0．88Gy／min，每周1次，共4次。照后每隔1～2个月处死一批小鼠，分别取胸腺、肺脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、胃、生殖腺、肠系膜、盲肠、大脑等组织器官，甲醛溶液固定后进行病理学检查及裸鼠致瘤实验。结果：照后15个月BALB／c小鼠出现的肿瘤类型以白血病为主，并发现汗腺瘤及恶性卵黄囊瘤；白血病经病理学证实为淋巴细胞型白血病；白血病及汗腺瘤的裸鼠致瘤实验已稳定连续传至第12代。结论：成功建立^60Coγ射线体外诱发的小鼠恶性肿瘤动物模型。