免疫抑制剂致药物性肾损害

免疫抑制剂与类固醇激素一起用于器官移植、自身免疫疾病等疾病的治疗。目前作为免疫抑制剂应用的药物有硫唑嘌呤、环磷酰胺、环孢菌素（CyA）和他克莫司，还有日本开发、广泛应用的咪唑立宾（mizoribine，MZB）。近来，免疫抑制剂不仅用于器官移植，也成为肾脏领域肾病综合征以及自身免疫疾病的治疗中不可或缺的一部分。其中钙调神经磷酸酶抑制剂（calcineulin inhibitor，CNI）类免疫抑制剂的共同副作用为肾损害，特别是长期应用导致的慢性肾毒性已成为严重问题。     

双叶瓣修复颈部疤痕粘连2例报告

颈部烧伤后疤痕挛缩、颌颈粘连的治疗方法较多,各有利弊。自1990年12月以来,我们使用双叶瓣治疗颈部疤痕粘连,获得较好效果,现报导如下。皮瓣设计和手术方法一、皮瓣设计,以肩颈部为基部,设计一双叶瓣(即a瓣,b瓣)。a瓣通常与疤痕紧邻,在锁骨中1/3或其附近。a瓣的大小     

THE BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE OF 5S RIBOSOMAL RNA FROM THE HUMAN WORM PARASITE FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI

With the method of rapid gel sequencing, the complete nueleotide sequence of Fasciolopsis buski 5S rRNA has been determined: AAC GGG AUG AAG CUA GAC AUG UGG CGG CCU AGU UGG AGG UCG GAA CUC GGA AGU UAA GGA AUG UUG GGC CUG GUU AGU ACU GGU AUG GGU GAC CUU GGG AAU ACC GGG UGU UGC GUC CA_(OH) This have been compared with 553 species of other organisms 5S rRNA sequences previously published and fitted to a secondary structural model.     

白洋淀上游蓄污工程沿岸地下水污染状况及对居民健康影响的调查

白洋淀污染一直是国家和河北省所关注的问题，对白洋淀上游蓄污工程沿岸小环境调查表明；饮用深层地下水受到城市工业废水的污染，主要污染物为有机物。污染区儿童贫血率、白细胞计数、舒张压高于非污染区，白细胞吞噬率低于非污染区，居民恶性肿瘤标化死亡比高于非污染区，肝癌标化死亡比明显上升。     

改良外剥内扎保留齿线术治疗混合痔30例疗效观察

笔者自2003年3月~2006年3月采用改良外剥内扎保留齿线术治疗混合痔30例,并与混合痔传统的外剥内扎术进行对比观察,现将结果报告如下。1临床资料全部病例诊断标准参照国家中医药管理局1994年颁布的《中医病证诊断疗效标准》[1]。将入选的病例随机分成治疗组(改良外剥内扎保留齿线术)和对照组(传统的外剥内扎术)各30例。其中治疗组男16例,女14例;平均年龄(35.6±7.1)岁,便血18例,肛门脱垂20例,水肿15例,疼痛5例,便秘8例。对照组男19例,女11例;平均年龄(34.7±6.8)岁,便血15例,肛门脱垂22例,水肿14例,疼痛6例,便秘6例。2组病例在性别、年龄等方…     

硝酸甘油联合多巴酚丁胺、多巴胺治疗急性心肌梗死早期并急性左心衰竭

目的　探讨硝酸甘油与多巴酚丁胺、多巴胺合用治疗急性心肌梗死早期 (2 4h内 )并急性左心衰竭的效果及安全性。方法　 31例急性心肌梗死早期并急性左心衰竭患者 ,随机分为A ,B组 ,A组为硝酸甘油治疗组 ,在常规吸氧、镇静、止痛、溶栓、抗凝、解痉、利尿等治疗的基础上加用硝酸甘油 2 0～ 4 0 μg/min 静脉滴注 ;B组为联合治疗组 ,在A组治疗基础上 ,加用多巴酚丁胺 6～ 10 μg/ (kg·min) ,多巴胺 6～ 10μg/ (kg·min) ,用微量输液泵分开静脉滴注。结果　A组显效 4例 ,有效 7例 ,无效 4例 ,总有效率为 73% ;B组显效 11例 ,有效 3例 ,无效 2例 ,总有效率为 88%。两组总有效率比较差异有显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　在常规治疗基础上 ,硝酸甘油与多巴酚丁胺、多巴胺合用治疗急性心肌梗死早期并急性左心衰竭比单独加用硝酸甘油疗效更为显著 ,更加安全。     

Lidocaine Increases Intracellular Sodium Concentration through Voltage-dependent Sodium Channels in an Identified Lymnaea Neuron

Background: The local anesthetic lidocaine affects neuronal excitability in the central nervous system; however, the mechanisms of such action remain unclear. The intracellular sodium concentration ([Na+]i) and sodium currents (INa) are related to membrane potential and excitability. Using an identifiable respiratory pacemaker neuron from Lymnaea stagnalis, the authors sought to determine whether lidocaine changes [Na+]i and membrane potential and whether INa is related to these changes.

Methods: Intracellular recording and sodium imaging were used simultaneously to measure membrane potentials and [Na+]i, respectively. Measurements for [Na+]i were made in normal, high-Na+, and Na+-free salines, with membrane hyperpolarization, and with tetrodotoxin pretreatment trials. Furthermore, changes of INa were measured by whole cell patch clamp configuration.

Results: Lidocaine increased [Na+]i in a dose-dependent manner concurrent with a depolarization of the membrane potential. In the presence of high-Na+ saline, [Na+]i increased and the membrane potential was depolarized; the addition of lidocaine further increased [Na+]i, and the membrane potential was further depolarized. In Na+-free saline or in the presence of tetrodotoxin, lidocaine did not change [Na+]i. Similarly, hyperpolarization of the membrane by current injections also prevented the lidocaine-induced increase of [Na+]i. In the patch clamp configuration, membrane depolarization by lidocaine led to an inward sodium influx. A persistent reduction in membrane potential, resulting from lidocaine, brings the cell within the window current of INa where sodium channel activation occurs.     

Morphine Enhances Pharmacological Preconditioning by Isoflurane: Role of Mitochondrial KATP Channels and Opioid Receptors

Background: Adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels mediate protection against myocardial infarction produced by volatile anesthetics and opioids. We tested the hypothesis that morphine enhances the protective effect of isoflurane by activating mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-regulated potassium channels and opioid receptors.

Methods: Barbiturate-anesthetized rats (n = 131) were instrumented for measurement of hemodynamics and subjected to a 30 min coronary artery occlusion followed by 2 h of reperfusion. Myocardial infarct size was determined using triphenyltetrazolium staining. Rats were randomly assigned to receive 0.9% saline, isoflurane (0.5 and 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]), morphine (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg), or morphine (0.3 mg/kg) plus isoflurane (1.0 MAC). Isoflurane was administered for 30 min and discontinued 15 min before coronary occlusion. In eight additional groups of experiments, rats received 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD; 10 mg/kg) or naloxone (6 mg/kg) in the presence or absence of isoflurane, morphine, and morphine plus isoflurane.

Results: Isoflurane (1.0 MAC) and morphine (0.3 mg/kg) reduced infarct size (41 +/- 3%; n = 13 and 38 +/- 2% of the area at risk; n = 10, respectively) as compared to control experiments (59 +/- 2%; n = 10). Morphine plus isoflurane further decreased infarct size to 26 +/- 3% (n = 11). 5-HD and naloxone alone did not affect infarct size, but abolished cardioprotection produced by isoflurane, morphine, and morphine plus isoflurane.     

缺氧诱导因子-1生物学特性的研究新进展

缺氧诱导因子-1（Hypoxia inducible factor-1，HIF-1）是在缺氧条件下广泛存在于哺乳动物和人体内的一种转录因子，它最先由Semenza于1992年在缺氧诱导的细胞核抽提物中发现。目前已发现HIF-1可调控一系列靶基因的表达，具有许多重要的生物学效应，其已成为近年来的研究热点。本文主要就HIF-1在结构、功能调节、靶基因及其调控方面的研究新进展综述如下。