氯丙嗪导致剥脱性皮炎1例报告

剥脱性皮炎是抗精神病药物氯丙嗪所致最为严重的并发症之一[1-2],为一种全身性弥漫性暗红斑磷屑性皮肤病。病变部位潮红、肿胀,可有渗液,重者批发、头发、指甲均可脱落,是药疹中最重型。     

麻风菌基因分型及流行病学应用的研究

虽然麻风病在全世界不再是一个公共卫生问题，但是在一些国家和地区，麻风病的发现率仍旧没有明显下降。既往认为，麻风菌不能体外培养，缺乏对麻风菌的深入了解。基因组测序的成功，为麻风菌的分型提供依据。迄今为止，VNTR和SNP是麻风菌分型的基础，VNTR是由于核苷酸在复制过程中的滑动链错配引起，麻风菌的基因分型和麻风菌的地理分布和历史变迁有一定的关系，其中以VNTR为基础的地理分型和麻风病的短传播链有关，而且对于复发和再感染的鉴别具有积极意义。并探讨VNTR稳定性的意义。     

胰岛素强化治疗对严重创伤患者炎性反应及预后的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of intensive insulin therapy on inflammatory re-sponse and prognosis of patients with severe trauma. Methods Eighty severely injured patients were di-vided into intensive insulin therapy group (n = 40, IT) and routine therapy group (n = 40, RT) in random pair. At the time of admission, a continuous infusion of insulin (2 -4 U/h) was pumped into the patients of IT group to maintain blood glucose level at 6 -8 mmol/L. Patients in RT group were given routine treatment without administration of insulin. Fever, organ injury, and mortality of patients in 2 groups were recorded. Venous blood was drawn from patients of 2 groups on the morning of post treatment day (PTD) 1, 3, 5, and 7. Values of TNF-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-2, and IL-10 in plasma were assayed. Results High fever appeared in 9 patients in IT group, and WBC exceeded 10.0×109 for more than 3 days in 17 patients in this group, versus 20 and 29 patients respectively in RT group. Dysfunction of 1 organ appeared in 31 pa-tients in IT group and 30 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 3 organs appeared in 10 patients in IT group and 19 patients in RT group. Dysfunction of 4 organs appeared in 7 patients in IT group and 12 patients in RT group. In IT group, 4 patients died within 3 post-injury day (PID), and 1 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 12.5% ). In RT group, 5 patients died within 3 PID, and 4 patient died after PID 3 (total case fatality: 22.5%). Plasma levels of TNF-α and CRP of patients in IT group were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group on PID 3 - 7 ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ), while levels of IL-2 and IL-10 of patients in IT group were significantly higher than those of patients in RT group ( P<0.05 or P<0.01 ). Plasma levels of TNF-α ( 1.3±0.6 μg/L) and CRP (55±16 mg/L) of patients in IT group on PTD 7 were lowered to the trough level, and they were significantly lower than those of patients in RT group (3.0±0.8μg/L, 89±20 mg/L, respectively, P <0.01 ). Conclusions Intensive insulin therapy can mitigate systemic inflammatory response and improve prognosis of patients with severe trauma.     

静脉滴注钾盐溶液的护理

临床上，应用静脉滴注钾盐溶液进行治疗是相当普遍的。因为钾离子在体内的生理功能及代谢均有其特殊性，所以在滴注钾盐时，除必须遵守静脉输液的一般护理规程外，尚有一些特殊要求。     

小鼠经口投镉的慢性毒性研究——病理形态学改变的探讨

选用昆明种小鼠60只,体重18～24克,随机分成三组,每组20只,雌雄各半。通过饮水染毒。一组正常对照,饮自来水,二组饮30ppm含镉水,三组饮300ppm含镉水,染毒时间三个半月。观察指标:体重增长速度、脏器系数、肝肾中镉含量、重点病理形态学改变(光镜和电镜)。结果,30ppm组小鼠肝肾组织有一定病变,300ppm组小鼠的光镜和电镜的病理形态学改变更为明显。提示,小鼠长期摄入镉可引起一定的损害。     

两种检测HBsAg方法的比较试验

两种检测ＨＢｓＡｇ方法的比较试验辽宁省阜新市妇幼保健院（１２３０００）刘健辽宁省人民医院宋瑞群为了评价目前广泛应用检测ＨＢｓＡｇ方法的可靠性，本文选用固相放射免疫法（ＳＰ—ＲＩＡ）、反向被动血凝（ＲＰＨＡ）对５７６份病人和健康人血清进行比较试验。现将...     

全科医疗中儿童的睡眠问题是否被忽视了

目的:本文对澳大利亚4.5-16.5岁儿童睡眠问题进行评估,确定是否可通过调查表所反映的睡眠问题, 来预测睡眠问题报告中的结论。方法:通过医生对361 名儿童父母亲的调查访问,了解他们孩子最近6个月的睡眠情况进行分析评估。评估体系采用儿童睡眠障碍量表,其中包括6个引起睡眠紊乱的因素,1个睡眠问题总评分。结果:儿童睡眠问题总计分显示有临床意义的     

消除超薄切片染色沉淀的冰醋酸处理法

用铀、铅对超薄切片染色可增强电子反差,但有时会出现沉淀,当出现沉淀时,要重新切片和染色,甚至更换染液,不但耗时、耗力,且某些定位的结构在新片中难以重现。为解决上述问题,我们根据Kuo法,用不同浓度的冰醋酸水溶液,对消除超薄切片染色沉淀进行了实验,获得满意的结果,现介绍如下:1 材料和方法1.1 处理液配制 1.7 mol/L,3.3 mol/L冰醋酸水     

2004-2005年淄博市淄川区腹泻病监测分析及防治对策

目的通过分析淄博市淄川区2004—2005年度腹泻病监测情况了解影响腹泻病发病的因素,制定防治措施。方法选取该区城南镇北石村、公孙村为监测村,每村人口1000人左右,对2004—2005年度的监测情况进行分析。结果全人群腹泻病发病率为0.26次/人年,5岁以下儿童为0.94次/人年,无病死者。发病高峰期为6~8月份。腹泻病人中肠炎占90%;有70%的病人是在村卫生室就诊,20%以上在家中自治或不治;5岁以下腹泻病就诊患者中,静脉输液率为9%,抗生素使用率为88%,口服补液盐使用率为2%,采用其他治疗者为60%。镇卫生院门诊腹泻病人中,静脉输液率为46%,其中5岁以下患儿为65%;抗生素使用率为97%,其中5岁以下患儿为100%;口服补液盐使用率为20%,其中5岁以下患儿为17%;采用其他治疗者为57%,其中5岁以下患儿为65%;所有5岁以下患儿均为中度以下脱水或无脱水。结论腹泻病发病率与家庭经济状况、看护人文化程度、看护人卫生习惯、喂养状况、个人卫生习惯以及是否有喝生水习惯等因素有关;应对儿童及其看护人、各级医疗卫生人员和其他重点人群的健康教育。