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91.
详述了国内外最新渣油催化裂化、多产柴油催化裂化、低碳烯烃催化裂化、生产清洁燃料催化裂化及催化剂的技术进展,同时根据我国实际情况对今后催化裂化技术的发展提出了建议。 相似文献
92.
Strategies to increase CdTe solar-cell voltage 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
There is a significant difference in performance between today's highest efficiency of CdTe solar cells and single-crystal cells of comparable band gap. The largest contribution to this difference is the voltage, where the values for the best CdTe cells are about 230 mV below the best GaAs cells when an appropriate adjustment is made for band gap. CdTe voltage and fill-factor are currently compromised by low recombination lifetime (near 1 ns), low hole density (near 1014 cm− 3), and in some cases an excessive back-contact barrier. Numerical simulation is used to evaluate how combinations of lifetime, carrier density, back electron reflection, and interfacial properties affect voltage and cell performance. Two different strategies for improving voltage and performance are explored. 相似文献
93.
X. X. Xi X. H. Zeng A. V. Pogrebnyakov A. Soukiassian S. Y. Xu Y. F. Hu E. Wertz Q. Li Y. Zhong C. O. Brubaker Z.-K. Liu E. M. Lysczek J. M. Redwing J. Lettieri D. G. Schlom W. Tian H. P. Sun X. Q. Pan 《Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism》2003,16(5):801-806
The recently discovered superconductor MgB2 with T c at 39 K has great potential in superconducting electronics. In this paper, we review the deposition techniques used for MgB2 thin films in the light of a thermodynamic study of the Mg-B system with the calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) modeling technique. This thermodynamic study identifies a growth window in the pressure–temperature phase diagram, in which the magnesium pressure is very high for likely in situ growth temperatures. A Hybrid Physical–Chemical Vapor Deposition (HPCVD) technique that successfully achieves such a high Mg pressure is shown to produce in situ epitaxial MgB2 thin films with bulk superconducting properties. 相似文献
94.
M. Liu Q. Fang G. He L.Q. Zhu S.S. Pan L.D. Zhang 《Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing》2006,9(6):876
High-k HfOxNy thin films have been grown by radio frequency (rf) reactive sputtering of metal Hf target in N2/Ar/O2 ambient at different substrate temperatures. The chemical compositions of the films have been investigated as a function of substrate temperature by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS measurements showed that nitrogen concentration increases with an increase in substrate temperature. Room-temperature spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) with photon energy 0.75–6.5 eV was used to investigate the optical properties of the films. SE results demonstrated that refractive index n increases with an increase in substrate temperature. Based on TL parameters which were obtained from the best fit results used in a simulation of the measured spectra, meanwhile, we conclude that the energy band gap (Eg) decreases with an increase in substrate temperature. 相似文献
95.
96.
混凝土冬季施工难度大、效率低、费用高,国内对混凝土冬季施工增加费的计算没有统一的实物量定额计价标准,费用很难控制。新疆水利水电工程补充预算定额编制了混凝土冬季施工实物量定额,用以计算混凝土冬季施工增加费。该定额以理论计算为基础,参考了大量工程实例,以绝对量分析方法编制了混凝土冬季施工消耗定额标准,该定额可操作性强,计价简便,费用计算较为准确,实现了由费率形式过渡到实物量形式的创新。 相似文献
97.
Cutoff rate and outage probability performance comparisons between DVB-T and DMB-T systems under mobile multipath channels 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zi-Wei Zheng Zhi-Xing Yang Chang-Yong Pan Yi-Sheng Zhu 《Broadcasting, IEEE Transactions on》2003,49(4):390-397
As an effective technique for combating multipath fading and for high-bit-rate transmission over wireless channels, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is extensively used in modern terrestrial digital television broadcasting systems to support high performance bandwidth-efficient multimedia services. Cutoff rate and outage probability are two important criteria to evaluate the performance of a practical communication system in radio engineering. In this paper, the cutoff rate and outage probability performance are compared between two important terrestrial digital television broadcasting systems, the cyclic prefix OFDM based DVB-T system and the time domain synchronous OFDM based DMB-T system, under different mobile multipath channel conditions. The DVB-T system and the DMB-T system are summarily introduced. The cutoff rate and outage probability expressions are developed, and simulation results are given for both the DVB-T system and the DMB-T system. 相似文献
98.
99.
100.
东营凹陷北部陡坡构造岩相带油气成藏模式 总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14
东营凹陷北部陡坡带是多期、多种应力方式作用下形成的复杂断裂构造带,控制辫状河三角洲、扇三角洲、洪积扇、近岸水下扇、陡坡深水浊积扇和近岸砂体前缘滑塌浊积扇等6种沉积体系发育,发育了3种构造岩相带:铲式陡坡断裂冲积扇、扇三角洲和小型辫状河三角洲构造岩相带,潜山台地陡坡断裂带洪积扇、扇三角洲构造岩相带,阶梯式陡坡断裂带小型洪积扇、滑塌浊积扇和深水浊积扇构造岩相带;有砂体上倾尖灭、差异压实背斜、断层封闭遮挡、薄泥岩封盖和浊积岩透镜体等5种成藏模式。研究陆相断陷湖盆陡坡带对沉积体系的控制作用,对预测复杂岩性油藏分布有重要意义. 相似文献