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41.
铁素体钢在低温条件下存在明显的韧脆转变现象。为防止脆断事故的发生,需要确定铁素体钢制压力容器的最低使用温度。针对ASME中的A^D四条冲击豁免曲线,对应地选取了4种材料,基于材料实际的屈服强度和参考温度,按照ASME中豁免曲线的计算方法,计算得到4种材料的最低设计金属温度曲线,并与对应的A^D曲线对比,定量地分析ASME中豁免曲线的保守性。结果表明,ASME中的豁免曲线相对于材料自身的最低设计金属温度曲线保守性较大;韧性相近的材料被划分到不同的豁免曲线,使得韧性富裕量差异较大,对于某些材料,其断裂韧性被低估。 相似文献
42.
通过对干熄焦锅炉炉管及腐蚀产物开展系统研究,提出炉管失效原因为氧化/硫腐蚀+高温粉尘冲刷。长寿命炉管仅耐磨层发生了较为严重的氧化及硫腐蚀,而近基体层发生了轻微氧化及硫腐蚀,基体只发生了轻微氧化;短寿命炉管耐磨层、近基体层以及基体裂纹内均发生了较为严重的氧化及硫腐蚀,且存在珠光体球化、内表面产生全脱碳层等缺陷。推测短寿命炉管存在超温现象,而超温可加剧氧化及硫腐蚀反应。此外,短寿命炉管遭受了较为严重的高温粉尘冲刷,不仅可造成炉管减薄,还会导致炉管表面温度升高。因此,减少循环气体中粉尘量尤其是大颗粒,可有效减弱冲刷以及控制炉管表面温度,是提高炉管使用寿命的关键。 相似文献
43.
A. Amala Jeya Ranchani V. Parthasarathy Chechia Hu Yi-Feng Lin 《Chemical Engineering Communications》2020,207(6):871-886
AbstractAn eco-friendly catalyst system was synthesized using three step reaction. The Cu nanoparticles bridged aminoclay catalyst was analyzed using various analytical techniques. The structure of the catalyst was confirmed by FTIR and XRD. The synthesized catalyst system was used for the reduction of p-nitrophenol (NP), Cr(VI), and fluorescein (Flur) dye individually, as well as in their mixture forms. The kapp value was computed to access the efficiency of the catalyst. The results indicated that the kapp value of the individual system is higher than that of the mixture systems due to the absence of the complex formation reaction. The catalytic performance of the catalyst was also tested for the Schiff base (SB) formation between poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) and aniline (ANI) in an oxygen atmosphere. The 1H-NMR spectroscopy result indicates that the present catalyst system produced 86% yield. 相似文献
44.
Guojun Hu 《Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering》2020,59(13):1407-1416
ABSTRACT Polymeric foams have received increasing attention in both academic and industrial communities. Using of nanoparticles as heterogeneous nucleation agent has been verified as one of the most valid means to enhance cell nucleation and improve cell morphology. However, few researches have been conducted to investigate the effect of the nanoparticles’ spatial orientation on their nucleation efficiency. In this work, to study the influence of the orientation of nanoparticles on their performance in improving morphology of polymeric foam, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite fibers with different nanoparticles (carbon nanotubes, graphene and SiO2) were prepared by using different traction speeds. The different traction speeds lead to different orientation state of the nanoparticles which then resulted different nucleation effect. It was found that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were easily oriented and aligned along the fiber length direction under the high traction speed, while graphene and SiO2 nanoparticles did not show orientation under the traction speed in this study. As a result, the foam of TPU/CNTs composite fibers from high traction speed exhibited a much smaller cell size and higher cell density compared to the foams of the fibers from low traction speeds, while TPU/graphene, and TPU/SiO2 composite fibers with different traction speeds showed almost similar cell size and size density after foaming, indicating that the orientated nanoparticles possessed higher heterogeneous nucleation efficiency. To our best knowledge, this work, for the first time, demonstrated the high nucleation effect of the aligned nanoparticles, which hopefully open a new path for improving the cell morphology of polymeric foam materials. 相似文献
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低品位热能制氢技术首先是将热能转换为溶液浓差能,然后通过逆电渗析(RED)反应器将溶液浓差能转换成氢能。为了验证RED反应器能将溶液浓差能转换为氢能,探索关键运行参数变化对能量转换过程的影响。设计了一个由40个膜对所构成的RED反应器,以NaCl水溶液为工作溶液,NaOH水溶液为电极液的制氢系统。通过改变浓/稀溶液入口浓度,溶液过膜流速以及输出电流来考察对RED反应器产氢率、制氢效率和能量转换效率的影响。实验结果发现,浓/稀溶液入口浓度,过膜流速变化均会影响RED反应器的输出电流。在外电路短接条件下,输出电流越大,反应器产氢率和制氢效率越高,但能量转换效率越低。 相似文献
48.
Rong Zhang Hailong Hu Hai Chen Siqi Li Cheng Ying Shuai Huang Qingting Liu Xudong Fu Shengfei Hu Ching-Ping Wong 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2020,137(39):49186
Recently, thermal interface materials (TIMs) are in great demands for modern electronics. For mechanically mixed polymer composite TIMs, the thermal conductivity and the mechanical properties are generally lower than expected values due to the sharply increased viscosity and poor filler dispersion. This work shows that addition of a small amount of polyester-based hyperbranched polymer (HBP) avoided the trade-off in mechanically mixed ABS/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) composites. After adding 0.5 wt% HBP, the maximum h-BN content in the composites increased from 50 to 60 wt%. The out-of-plane, in-plane thermal conductivity, and tensile strength of ABS/h-BN with 50 wt% h-BN were 0.408, 0.517 W/mK, and 18 MPa, respectively, and were increased to 0.729, 0.847 W/mK, and 32 MPa by adding 0.5 wt% HBP, while 0.972, 1.12 W/mK, and 29.5 MPa were achieved for ABS/h-BN/HBP with 60 wt% h-BN. The morphological and rheological results proved that these enhancements are due to the improved h-BN dispersion by decreasing viscosity of composites during mixing. Theoretical modeling based on the modified effective medium theory confirmed such results and showed that the interfacial thermal resistance also decreased slightly. Thus, this work demonstrates a facile and scalable method for simultaneously improving the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of thermoplastic-based TIMs. 相似文献
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