New Elements Concentrated Planar Fractal Antenna Arrays for Celestial Surveillance and Wireless Communications

This research introduces three new fractal array configurations that have superior performance over the well‐known Sierpinski fractal array. These arrays are based on the fractal shapes Dragon, Twig, and a new shape which will be called Flap fractal. Their superiority comes from the low side lobe level and/or the wide angle between the main lobe and the side lobes, which improves the signal‐to‐intersymbol interference and signal‐to‐noise ratio. Their performance is compared to the known array configurations: uniform, random, and Sierpinski fractal arrays.