Tritium concentrations in precipitation in Shanghai

Tritium concentrations in precipitation can be used as a criterion to evaluate the tritium baseline of the environment. The tritium concentration in precipitation in Shanghai during 2014-2015 was determined. Values ranged from 0.68 ± 0.04 to 4.11 ± 0.39 Bq/L, and it showed a decreasing trend compared with historical data; however,the values were slightly higher than the natural background tritium level. Additionally, the tritium concentration shows a seasonal variation: It was higher in autumn and winter and lower in summer and spring. A comparison of concentrations in precipitation in Shanghai and around the Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant reveals no correlation,implying that the nuclear power plant operations may not affect the environment of Shanghai. Thus, the raised tritium concentrations in Shanghai might be due to the effects of monsoons, spring leak, raindrop, or other activities that generate tritium there. Those activities may include chemistry research that uses tritium as a tracer.     

The magic of split augmented Lagrangians applied to K-frame-based l 0–l 2 minimization image restoration

We propose a simple, yet efficient image deconvolution approach, which is formulated as a complementary K-frame-based l ₀–l ₂ minimization problem, aiming at benefiting from the advantages of each frame. The problem is solved by borrowing the idea of alternating split augmented Lagrangians. The experimental results demonstrate that our approach has achieved competitive performance among state-of-the-art methods.     

浅析重庆山地建筑屋顶设计

房屋屋顶的造型在不同地区、不同的地域会有很大的差异，各有其不同特色。本文在分析重庆的地形和气候特点的基础上，介绍了重庆的绿色屋顶，并提出了丰富屋顶造型的重要性，希望可以给屋顶的建设提供一些参考。     

应用型本科院校仪器分析设计性实验的探索与实践——以食品中亚硝酸盐含量的测定为例

文章分析了"食品中亚硝酸盐含量的测定"的实验过程,阐述了开设仪器分析计性实验对于拓大学生知识面、提高学生的查阅文献和获取信息的能力、加深学生对仪器分析各原理的理解、培养学生分析和解决问题的能力、强化学生的实验技能等各方面的积极意义。     

Contact-induced Damage in Ceramic Coatings on Compliant Substrates: Fracture Mechanics and Design

Simple explicit relations are presented for the onset of competing fracture modes in ceramic coatings on compliant substrates from Hertzian-like contacts. Special attention is given to a deleterious mode of radial cracking that initiates at the lower coating surface beneath the contact, in addition to traditional cone cracking and quasiplasticity in the near-contact area. The critical load relations are expressed in terms of well-documented material parameters (elastic modulus, toughness, hardness, and strength) and geometrical parameters (coating thickness and sphere radius). Data from selected glass, Al₂O₃ and ZrO₂ coating materials on polycarbonate substrates are used to demonstrate the validity of the relations. The formulation provides a basis for designing ceramic coatings with optimum damage resistance.     

Chloride binding isotherm from migration and diffusion tests

Chloride binding is often described by chloride binding isotherm, which is closely related to the service life of concrete structures in chloride environments. Many methods have been proposed to determine chloride binding isotherm. Compared to other methods, chloride binding isotherms obtained directly from nonsteady-state diffusion tests seem closer to the reality. We studied the chloride binding isotherm from both nonsteady-state electrical-accelerated migration and diffusion tests at different temperatures. Twelve concrete mixes with different supplementary cementing materials and water-to-binder ratios of 0.35, 0.48 and 0.6 were cast for study. The specimens after diffusion (or migration) tests were sliced layer by layer, and acid-soluble and free chloride contents of each layer were measured. A chloride binding isotherm was obtained from one specimen. Experimental results indicated that electrical voltage had a slight effect on the chloride binding isotherm of concrete. Temperature had a positive effect on chloride binding. The higher the water-to-binder ratio was, the higher the chloride binding was.     

发挥培训功效,提升员工队伍凝聚力

提高员工队伍凝聚力是每一个企业管理者必须深入思考的问题.从技能培训,思想政治培训、职业道德培训、企业文化培训等各个方面抓好职业教育培训,可以夯实员工生存发展以及立身处世的基础,坚定员工队伍科学发展的方向,提升其团结进取意识,进而实现员工队伍凝聚力的有效提升.     

Ti-4Al-1.5Mn合金高温应力松弛本构模型及应用验证

研究了Ti-4Al-1.5Mn合金在500~700℃的应力松弛特性,首先在蠕变试验机上开展了该合金500、600和700℃条件下的松弛试验,基于松弛数据分别建了双曲正弦和时间硬化两类本构模型,并对模型的预测精度进行了预测。随后把2类本构模型应用于ABAQUS软件对板材V形弯曲过程进行了仿真分析。结果表明,应力松弛的影响因素主要有温度和时间,松弛过程可以分为2个阶段,第1阶段应力快速下降,第2阶段缓慢下降并逐渐稳定于松弛极限。双曲正弦和时间硬化模型均可以对松弛过程进行较准确地预测,V形弯曲后回弹结果表明双曲正弦比时间硬化模型具有更高的预测精度。研究结果对利用应力松弛进行精确成形的工艺设计具有指导意义。     

钛合金仿莲房特征芯体夹层结构钎焊组织与性能

针对TC4钛合金仿莲房特征芯体与面板钎焊工艺,采用TiZrCuNi钎料,开展了钎焊工艺研究,并分析了主要钎焊工艺参数对钎焊界面组织和夹层结构力学性能的影响。结果表明：钎焊温度920℃,保温时间90min时, TC4钛合金仿莲房特征芯体夹层结构钎焊后界面焊合率良好,界面显微组织为均匀针状α组织和界面金属间化合物,夹层结构平压强度均值为15.14MPa。钎焊保温时间对TC4钛合金仿莲房特征芯体钎焊界面显微组织影响显著,当钎焊保温时间较短时(15min),钎料熔化后,液态钎料中Cu和Ni元素与母材反应时间较短,钎料中Cu和Ni向母材中的扩散反应不充分,钎缝区局部Cu和Ni元素富集导致Cu和Ni元素含量超过共晶成分点,钎焊保温结束后液态钎缝凝固时发生共晶反应,生成块状金属间化合物,钎焊界面主要为含有块状金属间化合物的凝固钎料组织和针状α组织;随着钎焊保温时间的增加,液态钎料中Cu和Ni元素与母材反应时间增加,钎料中Cu和Ni元素向母材中扩散反应深度显著增加,从而Cu和Ni元素在液态钎料中的含量显著降低,元素含量小于共晶成分点,钎焊保温结束后液态钎缝凝固时Cu和Ni元素固溶于β相中,避免大量块状金属化合物生成,随后β相向α相的固态相变时,共析反应生成针状α相,在针状α组织界面处生成金属间化合物。钎焊时间保温时间从15min升至90min时,由于钎焊界面金属间化合物减少,TC4钛合金仿莲房特征芯体夹层结构的平压强度逐渐增加。