22—A CRITICAL COMPARISON OF EMPIRICAL TESTS OF THE EXTENSIONAL RESILIENCE OF TEXTILE FIBRES: PART I: DESCRIPTION OF THREE TEST METHODS

The relevance of the extensional recovery of single filaments to the resilience of textiles is discussed, and tests are described that yield information at three different effectiverates of loading. The methods considered are: (i) cyclic measurements on an Instron Tensile Tester; (ii) recovery from a sustained extension; and (iii) recovery from impact. Applications of these methods will be discussed in two later papers.     

23—A CRITICAL COMPARISON OF EMPIRICAL TESTS OF THE EXTENSIONAL RESILIENCE OF TEXTILE FIBRES: PART II: MEASUREMENTS ON SINGLE FILAMENTS AND FLAT YARNS

Three empirical test methods of determining the extensional recovery of textile fibres have been reported in the previous paper. Data are now presented to demonstrate how recovery depends on the test material and its method of preparation, the strain, the rate of strain, the time under load, the number of times the load is applied, and the temperature at which testingis done.

The importance is stressed of ensuring that test conditions cover the range of deformation experienced by the finished product.     

Observation of Vacancies by Positron Trapping in Cerium-Doped Zirconolites

Positron annihilation lifetime measurements on cerium-doped zirconolites have given strong indications of positron trapping in samples that have previously been deduced to contain cation vacancies, mainly from X-ray absorption spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and microanalysis. The increases in lifetime of the majority lifetime component are ∼20% for samples deduced to contain a few percent of vacant cation sites. Lanthanum-doped SrTiO₃ samples, in which it is generally agreed that A-site vacancies are produced via the lanthanum doping, have been used as a model system and similar increases in lifetime have been observed for samples that contain more than ∼0.1 formula units of lanthanum.     

Identification of a series of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolinyl-benzamides with potential anticonvulsant activity

A series of N-(tetrahydroisoquinolinyl)-2-methoxybenzamides was identified by high-throughput screening at the novel SB-204269 binding site. SAR studies have provided compounds 4 and 14 with high affinity and good anticonvulsant activity in animal models.     

A defence of functional modularity

Although belief in the existence of mental modules of some form is widespread among cognitive researchers, neurally sophisticated researchers commonly resist the view that cognitive processing involves modules that are functionally independent of one another. Moreover, within the past few years, at least three noted researchers (Fodor, Kosslyn and Uttal) have called into serious question the existence of distinct modules in broad areas of human cognition. This paper offers a defence of the existence of functionally independent modules, which, though spatially distributed, communicate via traditionally conceived input/output channels. This defence proceeds: (i) by showing that the anti-modularity arguments of Fodor, Kosslyn and Uttal are not compelling; (ii) by presenting theoretically-grounded reasons why any connectionist is committed, via the most basic tenets of connectionism, to accepting the existence of functionally independent modules; (iii) by presenting holistically inclined connectionists with a novel challenge, namely, to demonstrate that a single, holistic network could display strong levels of generalization as a side-effect of multiple, previously acquired skills. In the course of these arguments, I examine a recent generalization challenge posed by Phillips (2000, Connection Science, 12: 1–19) to eliminative connectionists.     

Resolution of the diastereomers of a large synthetic peptide by capillary electrophoresis using nonionic surfactants

A capillary electrophoretic method was developed for the determination of the diastereomeric composition of the bradykinin B2 antagonist, SB-238592-DB. The nonionic surfactant Brij 35 was demonstrated to be suitable for the baseline resolution of the three diastereoisomers of SB-238592-DB in the presence of a low pH phosphate buffer and small volume percentages of acetonitrile.     

Increased formation and degradation of malondialdehyde-modified proteins under conditions of peroxidative stress

The effect of increasedin vivo lipid peroxidation on excretion of the main urinary metabolites of malondialdehyde (MDA) was investigated. Peroxidative stress in the form of vitamin E deficiency or the administration of iron nitrilotriacetate or carbon tetrachloride was imposed on rats fed an MDA-free diet. Significant increases were observed in excretion of the lysine-MDA adduct ε-propenal lysine, itsN-acetyl ester, and free MDA. Under the conditions imposed, the increments in excretion of the lysine adducts reflect increased peroxidative modification of tissue proteinsin vivo. These adducts also were found to be the main forms of MDA excreted in human urine. Reacting¹⁴C-bovine serum albumin (BSA) with MDA resulted in its accelerated proteolysisin vitro by soluble enzyme preparations derived from human erythrocytes and rat liver mitochondria. the increments observed were similar to those reported for the hydrolysis of BSA following its exposure to hydroxyl radicals. The results show that lipid peroxidationin vivo results in peroxidative damage to tissue proteins and indicate that such proteins are subject to an accelerated rate of proteolysis.     

Confirmation of multiple tetracycline residues in milk and oxytetracycline in shrimp by liquid chromatography-particle beam mass spectrometry

A confirmation procedure is described for detection of residues of six tetracyclines in bovine milk, and oxytetracycline in shrimp. Residues are extracted from milk or shrimp tissue using metal chelate affinity chromatography. The extracts are desalted, further concentrated using polymeric solid-phase extraction, and chromatographed on a polymeric reversed-phase column. Analysis is by methane negative ion chemical ionization on a quadrupole mass spectrometer using a particle beam interface. Data are acquired in partial scan mode, monitoring from m/z 378 to m/z 480. The procedure was validated with control milk and shrimp, fortified milk (30 ng/ml) and shrimp (100 ng/g), and milk and tissue from animals treated with the drugs.