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991.
A cryo-specimen storage system for low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LTSEM) specimens is described, which: liberates multi-specimen experiments from sampling restrictions imposed by the rate at which LTSEM specimens can be examined in the SEM; provides security against experiment loss resulting from breakdown of the SEM or cryo-system; enables collection of specimens in the field or in laboratories remote from the SEM laboratory; and facilitates international air transport of LTSEM specimens. The components of the system, which has a capacity of 98 stub-mounted specimens, are readily made in a laboratory workshop. The details of the design may be altered to suit particular specimen types or experimental approaches. 相似文献
992.
A precoding scheme for noise whitening on intersymbol interference (ISI) channels is presented. This scheme is compatible with trellis-coded modulation and, unlike Tomlinson precoding, allows constellation shaping. It can be used with almost any shaping scheme, including the optimal SVQ shaping, as opposed to trellis precoding, which can only be used with trellis shaping. The implementation complexity of this scheme is minimal-only three times that of the noise prediction filter, hence effective noise whitening can be achieved by using a high-order predictor 相似文献
993.
R. H. Howell P. A. Sterne M. J. Fluss J. H. Kaiser K. Kitazawa H. Kojima 《Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism》1994,7(1):169-173
High-statistics (>4 × 108 counts), room-temperature measurements of the electron-positron momentum density of La2?x Sr x CuO4 have been performed for samples with Sr concentrations of x=0.0, 0.1, 0.13, and 0.2. These spectra have been analyzed in conjunction with theoretical calculations of the electron-positron momentum density. The metallic samples show features consistent with the presence of a Fermi surface, but its evolution with increasing Sr concentration does not follow the predictions of band theory. These results may indicate the effects of electron-electron correlation on the electron momentum distribution in the Cu-O plane. 相似文献
994.
995.
A wideband low-noise pseudomorphic HEMT MMIC variable-gain amplifier has been designed and fabricated. The amplifier has a nominal gain of 13 dB across the band 2-20 GHz, with gain flatness better than ±0.4 dB. The noise figure is less than 3 dB across the band 6-16 GHz. An on-chip temperature-sensing diode is used to provide a linear temperature correction which has been used to reduce the gain variation of the amplifier by a factor of 2 across the temperature range -50°C to +95°C 相似文献
996.
997.
Sodium tolerance in yeast is disrupted by mutations in calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, which is required for modulation of Na+ uptake and efflux mechanisms. Five Na+-tolerant mutants were isolated by selecting for suppressors of calcineurin mutations, and mapped to the PMA1 gene, encoding the plasma membrane H+-ATPase. One mutant, pma1-alpha4, which has the single amino acid change Glu367 --> Lys at a highly conserved site within the catalytic domain of the ATPase, was analyzed in detail to determine the mechanism of Na+ tolerance. After exposure to Na+ in the culture medium, 22Na influx in the pma1 mutant was reduced 2-fold relative to control, consistent with a similar decrease in ATPase activity. Efflux of 22Na from intact cells was relatively unchanged in the pma1 mutant. However, selective permeabilization of the plasma membrane revealed that mutant cells retained up to 80% of intracellular Na+ within a slowly exchanging pool. We show that NHX1, a novel gene homologous to the mammalian NHE family of Na+/H+ exchangers, is required for Na+ sequestration in yeast and contributes to the Na+-tolerant phenotype of pma1-alpha4. 相似文献
998.
M Ramirez-Salomon R Soler-Bientz R de la Garza-González CM Palacios-Garza 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,23(9):586-587
It is important for endodontic instruments to have a low fracture rate. If a fracture does occur, it would be desirable to have the ability to bypass the broken segment and complete the root canal treatment. One hundred sixty-two root canals in 52 maxillary and mandibular first molars were cleaned and shaped with Lightspeed instruments by three endodontists in their private practices. The canals were instrumented using the technique recommended by the manufacturer. All canals were instrumented to at least a size 45 at the working length. Six instruments separated during treatment. All six had been used more times than recommended by the manufacturer. Five of the six were easily bypassed and treatment completed. 相似文献
999.
J. Hong E. S. Lambers C. R. Abernathy S. J. Pearton R. J. Shul W. S. Hobson 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1998,27(3):132-137
Dry etching of InGaP, AlInP, and AlGaP in inductively coupled plasmas (ICP) is reported as a function of plasma chemistry (BCl3 or Cl2, with additives of Ar, N2, or H2), source power, radio frequency chuck power, and pressure. Smooth anisotropic pattern transfer at peak etch rates of 1000–2000Å·min?1 is obtained at low DC self-biases (?100V dc) and pressures (2 mTorr). The etch mechanism is characterized by a trade-off between supplying sufficient active chloride species to the surface to produce a strong chemical enhancement of the etch rate, and the efficient removal of the chlorinated etch products before a thick selvedge layer is formed. Cl2 produces smooth surfaces over a wider range of conditions than does BCl3. 相似文献
1000.
Explicit analytic design rules are derived for both 3 dB and full adiabatic couplers. The design rules are in excellent agreement with numerical calculations using the beam propagation method (BPM). It is shown that the length scaling for 3 dB couplers compared to full couplers makes the former more difficult to design. The design for each case is optimized to obtain the upper limit of performance and a comparison is carried out between two different design geometries for both 3 dB and full adiabatic couplers 相似文献