The scientific study of counseling and psychotherapy: A unificationist view.

Proposes 3 propositions that may underlie a unificationist view of research in counseling and clinical psychology and discusses contemporary questions concerning research in psychotherapy. The propositions are that (1) psychotherapy research is science, (2) psychotherapy research is part of a unified attempt to understand human behavior, and (3) all scientific tools are acceptable in the effort to understand the process of psychotherapy. These propositions advocate the integration of basic and applied research, theory, and practice and of laboratory-experimental and field-correlational methods. They offer potential answers to questions concerning the practical value of basic research, fact-finding research, laboratory studies, theory, and technological research. The unificationist view suggests that fuller development of the theoretical side of psychological science and the integration of theory with research and application are needed in the scientific study of counseling and psychotherapy. (53 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Alternative Prooftester for High-Strength Optical Fibers

Reproducible, nondestructive methods of prooftesting continuous, multikllometer lengths of high-strength (>1.4 GPa) optical fiber are important in high-performance applications of lightguide technology. An alternative prooftester based on the concept of continuously imparting a constant strain rather than a constant weight to the optical fiber has been built and tested. The constant-strain design is somewhat simpler and has certain advantages over a widely used prooftester. The constant-strain method is explained, and prooftest data that substantiate the advantages of the design are presented.     

Lactulose production from milk concentration permeate using calcium carbonate-based catalysts

Milk concentration permeate (MCP), a low-value by-product of ultrafiltration plants and calcium carbonate-based catalysts were used for lactulose production. The results obtained show the effectiveness of oyster shell powder and limestone for lactose isomerisation as a replacement for egg shell powder. With the reaction conditions of 12 mg/ml catalyst loading, reflux time of 120 min at 96 °C, a maximum yield of 18–21% lactulose was achievable at a cost of <50% of original lactose degradation (measured by HPLC). De-proteination of MCP by acidification prior to isomerisation helped lactulose formation in the earlier stages, but did not significantly increase the yield. The resulting lactulose MCP (40 °B) incorporated at the rate of 3–4% was effective in enhancing the growth rate and acid production of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA-5) in probiotic products.     

High‐strength biodegradable poly(vinyl alcohol)/fly ash composite films

We prepared biodegradable composite films of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and fly ash (FA) spanning 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 wt % concentrations by casting aqueous solutions. The tensile strengths of the composite films were increased proportionally via the addition of FA. The strength of the film was enhanced by 193% with 20% FA compared to the neat PVA control. Further addition of FA deviated from the linear trend. The moduli of the composites also increased proportionally with FA addition to 212% at 20 wt % FA addition compared to the control. The percentage strain at break exponentially decreased with the addition of FA. In the dynamic mechanical behavior, the storage and loss moduli both increased with FA content. The tan δ peaks corresponding to the glass‐transition temperature shifted 5–10°C higher above the control sample (73°C). This shift was attributed to a reduction in the mobility of PVA segments because they were anchored by the FA surface. The reductions in mobility manifested in strong interfacial interactions were indicative of hydrogen bonding. Broadening and reduction in the intensities of the stretching and bending peaks of ? OH, ? CH and ? C?O of PVA in the Fourier transform infrared spectra were observed. This suggested that hydrogen bonding was active between the functional groups in the FA and PVA chains. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Determination of perchlorate in infant formula by isotope dilution ion chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry

A sensitive and selective isotope dilution ion chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (ID IC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of perchlorate in infant formula. The perchlorate was extracted from infant formula by using 20 ml of methanol and 5 ml of 1% acetic acid. All samples were spiked with (18)O(4) isotope-labelled perchlorate internal standard prior to extraction. After purification on a graphitised carbon solid-phase extraction column, the extracts were injected into an ion chromatography system equipped with an Ionpac AS20 column for separation of perchlorate from other anions. The presence of perchlorate in samples was quantified by isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Analysis of both perchlorate and its isotope-labelled internal standard was carried out on a Waters Quattro Ultima triple quadrupole mass spectrometer operating in a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) negative ionisation mode. The method was validated for linearity and range, accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and matrix effects. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.4 μg l(-1) for liquid infant formula and 0.95 μg kg(-1) for powdered infant formula. The recovery ranged from 94% to 110% with an average of 98%. This method was used to analyse 39 infant formula, and perchlorate concentrations ranging from 相似文献   

Recent developments in corrosion inhibitors based on rare earth metal compounds

Abstract

Rare earth organic compounds can provide an environmentally safe and non-toxic alternative to chromates as corrosion inhibitors for some steel and aluminium applications. For steel lanthanum 4-hydroxy cinnamate offers corrosion protection and reduces the susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement. Recent work has also indicated that it inhibits the corrosion of steel in environments containing high levels of carbon dioxide. For aluminium alloys, cerium diphenyl phosphate provides excellent corrosion inhibition in chloride environments, and reduces susceptibly to stress corrosion cracking. Furthermore, for both steel and aluminium alloys filiform corrosion can be suppressed when rare earth inhibitor compounds are added as pigments to polymer coatings. The levels of inhibition observed are thought to be due to synergistic effects between the rare earth and organic parts of these novel compounds, and are related to the various species that may be present in the complex chemical conditions that develop in solution close to a metal surface. This paper reviews some of the published research conducted by the group at Deakin University over recent years.     

Legumes reduced intestinal fat deposition in the Caenorhabditis elegans model system

Wild type Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) were fed with powdered legumes (1%, w/v): light red kidney, black, navy, white kidney, cranberry, great northern, lentil, lima, or dark red kidney (20%, 33% and 50% of a 1% suspension). Lipophilic fluorescent Nile red dye-stained intestinal fat deposition (IFD) indicated an IFD reduction by legumes in a descending order: light red kidney, black, navy, white kidney, cranberry, great northern, lentil, lima, or dark red kidney. Increased pharyngeal pumping rate (PPR), a surrogate marker of aging, was observed in all legumes at 50% dosage. Both inverse and direct relationships between IFD and PPR were detected in the wild type C. elegans in this study. These results suggested that whole legumes may promote health through regulation of lipid metabolism and lifespan in the model system C. elegans, which enhances our understanding of the effect of legumes and suggests further legumes study in human health.