Controlled release of bovine serum albumin using MPEG–PCL diblock copolymers as implantable protein carriers

MPEG–PCL diblock copolymers consisting of methoxy polyethylene glycol (MPEG) and poly(?‐caprolactone) (PCL) as drug carriers were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization. It is possible to control the balance between hydrophilic and hydrophobic by changing the MPEG and the ratio of ?‐CL to MPEG. Implantable wafers were easily fabricated by the direct compression method after physical mixing of diblock copolymers and bovine serum albumin–fluorescein isothiocyanate (BSA‐FITC) as a model protein drug. The BSA release from wafers prepared by MPEG–PCL diblock copolymers were higher than that from PCL with the physical blending of MPEG. The wafers prepared by a variety of MPEG–PCL diblock copolymers exhibited the controlled BSA release profiles with a dependence on MPEG–PCL diblock copolymer compositions. In addition, the changing of MPEG and PCL molecular weights within MPEG–PCL diblock copolymer controlled the initial burst of BSA. We confirmed that the diblock copolymers could be served as protein delivery carrier in implantable wafer form. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:1561–1567, 2006     

Experimental and numerical research on condenser performance for R-22 and R-407C refrigerants

An experimental study of a fin and tube condenser was performed using two different configurations of condenser paths (U and Z type) and two kinds of refrigerants (R-22 and R-407C) as working fluids. An integral test facility was constructed to evaluate the heat transfer capacity of the air and refrigerant sides of the condenser. An uncertainty study was also performed. A numerical code was developed, using a section-by-section analysis scheme in which mal-distribution on the air side and temperature gliding on the refrigerant side could be considered along the tube-length direction. Different condenser capacities were obtained from both the experimental and numerical results, depending on the paths and refrigerants used. R-22 performed better than R-407C for the Z-type path configuration, but no significant difference was found between results using either refrigerant in the U-type path configuration. On average, the numerical results obtained with R-22 were 10.1% greater than experiment data; using R-407C, results were 10.7% less than experiment data. The numerical code can be used as a design tool to develop better condenser paths.     

基于作业的环境污染因素识别方法

以ABC为原理，提出了一种基于作业的环境污染因素识别方法（ABLCI）。这种方法强调以作业为产品与环境污染问题之间的桥梁，将产品和过程通过作业与环境污染问题联系起来，使得整个产品生命周期内的一切材料、能源、信息和人员输入在产品的每一个生存状态中所产生的直接或间接的环境污染问题从作业中得以辨认，为ISO14040中的生命周期环境污染因素识别的实施提供一种具体方法。     

微波烧结法制备Ba0.65Sr0.35TiO3热释电陶瓷

采用溶胶－凝胶工艺制备了（Ba,Sr)TiO3凝胶，并利用微波烧结技术对粉体进行了合成和烧结，获得了晶粒尺寸在1μm以内的Ba0.65Sr0.35TiO3热释电陶瓷。对样品的介电特性和热释电特性进行了测试，分析了微波烧结工艺对材料电性能的影响。实验结果表明：该工艺可将钙钛矿相的合成温度由1100℃降低至900℃，并在1310℃烧结25min获得细晶粒的Ba0.65Sr0.35TiO3，其热释电系数和介电常数与传统陶瓷相差不大，从而材料的热释电响应优值因子要比传统方法获得的样品提高了近1倍。     

Anomalous temperature dependence and tension–compression asymmetry of Fe3Al intermetallics—an internal variable approach

Tension/compression asymmetry in the high-temperature flow and anomalous yield/flow stress of Fe–28 at% Al–5 at% Cr alloy has been investigated. Flow curves were obtained from a series of tensile and compressive load relaxation tests. Constitutive relations at each deformation conditions were formulated using the internal variable theory based on dislocation dynamics. In this study, high-temperature flow stress of selected material was to be safely described as the sum of internal stress and frictional stress. The anomaly and peak temperature of yield strength seem to be controlled by the anomaly of internal stress and the relative portion of internal and frictional stress in total flow stress, respectively. Asymmetric flow stress was observed in analogy with yield strength. In terms of constitutive parameters, critical stress for frictional flow (Σ₀) exhibited considerably higher value in compression, which physically postulates increased critical resolved shear stress (CRSS). Considering the crystallography and microstructure, it is presumably due to the ‘extrinsic’ effect of non-deviatoric stress tensor, as proposed in other studies.     

高效液相色谱法同时检测对苯二甲酸精制残渣中的八组分

采用高效液相色谱法,以弱极性阴离子交换键合固定相、磷酸盐缓冲溶液为流动相,UV 235 nm 检测,外标法定量,同时测定了对苯二甲酸精制残渣中的4-甲基苯甲醇,对甲基苯甲醛,4-羧基苯甲醛,苯甲酸,对甲基苯甲酸,对苯二甲酸,邻苯二甲酸和间苯二甲酸的含量,其回收率均在97.1%～105.4%之间,变异系数小于3.36%,相关系数为0.99163。     

Different Directions of Switching of Chromium Oxide Thin Films

We have investigated the switching behavior of as-deposited CrO _x and post-annealed CrO _y films by use of a variety of electrodes (top electrode Ag, Ti; bottom electrode Pt, fluorine tin oxide (FTO)). Resistance switching is highly dependent on electrode material and post-annealing treatment. Among Pt devices, I–V hysteresis was observed for the Ag/CrO _x /Pt device only; no resistance switching was observed for Ag/CrO _y /Pt, Ti/CrO _x /Pt, and Ti/CrO _y /Pt devices. Among FTO devices, I–V hysteresis was observed for the Ag/CrO _x /FTO device whereas I–V hysteresis with the opposite switching direction was observed for Ag/CrO _y /FTO, Ti/CrO _x /FTO, and Ti/CrO _y /FTO devices. The direction of switching depends not only on electrode material but also on post-annealing treatment, which affects the density of grain boundaries. Thus, the density of grain boundaries determines the type of charge carrier involved in the switching process. For as-deposited CrO _x films with a high density of grain boundaries Ag filament paths mediated by electrochemical redox reaction were observed, irrespective of bottom electrode material (Pt or FTO). Post-annealed CrO _y films with a low density of grain boundaries suppressed electrochemical redox reaction in the Ag/CrO _y /Pt device but promoted short-range movement of O^2? ions through the bottom interface, resulting in resistance switching in the Ag/CrO _y /FTO device. Electrochemical redox reaction-controlled resistance switching occurred solely in oxides with a high density of grain boundaries or dislocations.     

Modeling and Simulation of New Encoding Schemes for High‐Speed UHF RFID Communication

In this paper, we present novel high‐speed transmission schemes for high‐speed ultra‐high frequency (UHF) radio‐frequency identification communication. For high‐speed communication, tags communicate with a reader using a high‐speed Miller (HS‐Miller) encoding and multiple antennas, and a reader communicates with tags using extended pulse‐interval encoding (E‐PIE). E‐PIE can provide up to a two‐fold faster data rate than conventional pulse‐interval encoding. Using HS‐Miller encoding and orthogonal multiplexing techniques, tags can achieve a two‐ to three‐fold faster data rate than Miller encoding without degrading the demodulation performance at a reader. To verify the proposed transmission scheme, the MATLAB/Simulink model for high‐speed backscatter based on an HS‐Miller modulated subcarrier has been designed and simulated. The simulation results show that the proposed transmission scheme can achieve more than a 3 dB higher BER performance in comparison to a Miller modulated subcarrier.     

聚丙烯（PP）热压变形行为研究

从技术上分析了结晶型PP在Tg-Tm（Tf）温度区间变形的相（结构）-（凝聚）态意义,使用黄金分割法在其Tg~Tm（Tf）温度区间划分低温和高温双相热固态变形温度区域,同时设计3种热压实验温度,并沿用冷压变形研究的镦粗变形模式和试样对PP进行4种变形速度和3种变形程度的热压变形实验。实验结果表明,提高PP热压变形温度和变形速度可以产生温度软化和速度粘化效应以及速度缩减回弹效果,从而大幅度降低冷压PP的变形回弹并改善其定形性,并有可能使PP高速热锻技术实现实用目标。     

HBF-01液数控制专用车床的设计

HBF-01液数控制专用车床具有液压控制机床的高效及大切削力,又具有数控机床的加工高精度和可进行多工序加工的优点。主轴结合齿轮变速与变频器调节,可自动调速,夹紧系统油压可自动二次调压。这些特点使得该机床可实现粗、精加工工序集中完成,达到批量生产的高质高效。