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排序方式: 共有219条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
P Malaspina F Cruciani BM Ciminelli L Terrenato P Santolamazza A Alonso J Banyko R Brdicka O García C Gaudiano G Guanti KK Kidd J Lavinha M Avila P Mandich P Moral R Qamar SQ Mehdi A Ragusa G Stefanescu M Caraghin C Tyler-Smith R Scozzari A Novelletto 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,63(3):847-860
In a study of 908 males from Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia, the variation of four Y-linked dinucleotide microsatellites was analyzed within three "frames" that are defined by mutations that are nonrecurrent, or nearly so. The rapid generation and extinction of new dinucleotide length variants causes the haplotypes within each lineage to diverge from one another. We constructed networks of "adjacent" haplotypes within each frame, by assuming changes of a single dinucleotide unit. Two small and six large networks were obtained, the latter including 94.9% of the sampled Y chromosomes. We show that the phenetic relationships among haplotypes, represented as a network, result largely from common descent and subsequent molecular radiation. The grouping of haplotypes of the same network thus fits an evolutionarily relevant criterion. Notably, this method allows the total diversity within a sample to be partitioned. Networks can be considered optimal markers for population studies, because reliable frequency estimates can be obtained in small samples. We present synthetic maps describing the incidence of different Y-chromosomal lineages in the extant human populations of the surveyed areas. Dinucleotide diversity also was used to infer time intervals for the coalescence of each network. 相似文献
62.
Alin Panca Julianna Panidi Hendrik Faber Spyros Stathopoulos Thomas D. Anthopoulos Themis Prodromakis 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(20):2213762
Flexible electronics have seen extensive research over the past years due to their potential stretchability and adaptability to non-flat surfaces. They are key to realizing low-power sensors and circuits for wearable electronics and Internet of Things (IoT) applications. Semiconducting metal-oxides are a prime candidate for implementing flexible electronics as their conformal deposition methods lend themselves to the idiosyncrasies of non-rigid substrates. They are also a major component for the development of resistive memories (memristors) and as such their monolithic integration with thin film electronics has the potential to lead to novel all-metal-oxide devices combining memory and computing on a single node. This review focuses on exploring the recent advances across all these fronts starting from types of suitable substrates and their mechanical properties, different types of fabrication methods for thin film transistors and memristors applicable to flexible substrates (vacuum- or solution-based), applications and comparison with rigid substrates while additionally delving into matters associated with their monolithic integration. 相似文献
63.
64.
Applied Multi-Dimensional Fusion 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
65.
M. F. Zhu C. P. Hong D. M. Stefanescu Y. A. Chang 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B》2007,38(4):517-524
In this article, a front tracking (FT) model and a modified cellular automaton (MCA) model are presented and their capabilities
in modeling the microstructure evolution during solidification of aluminum alloys are demonstrated. The FT model is first
validated by comparison with the predictions of the Lipton–Glicksman–Kurz (LGK) model. Calculations of the steady-state dendritic
tip growth velocity and equilibrium liquid composition as a function of melt undercooling for an Al-4 wt pct Cu alloy exhibit
good agreement between the FT simulations and the LGK predictions. The FT model is also used to simulate the secondary dendrite
arm spacing as a function of local solidification time. The simulated results agree well with the experimental data. The MCA
model is applied to simulate dendritic and nondendritic microstructure evolution in semisolid processing of an Al-Si alloy.
The effect of fluid flow on dendritic growth is also examined. The solute profiles in equiaxed dendritic solidification of
a ternary aluminum alloy are simulated as a function of cooling rate and compared with the prediction of the Scheil model.
The MCA model is extended to the multiphase system for the simulation of eutectic solidification. A particular emphasis is
made on the quantitative aspects of simulations.
This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium ”Simulation of Aluminum Shape Casting Processing: From Design
to Mechanical Properties,” which occurred March 12–16, 2006, during the TMS Spring Meeting in San Antonio, Texas, under the
auspices of the Computational Materials Science and Engineering Committee, the Process Modeling, Analysis and Control Committee,
the Solidification Committee, the Mechanical Behavior of Materials Committee, and the Light Metal Division/Aluminum Committee. 相似文献
66.
Adrian V. Catalina Subhayu Sen Doru M. Stefanescu William F. Kaukler 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2004,35(5):1525-1538
In this article, an investigation of the interaction between gas porosity and a planar solid/liquid (SL) interface is reported.
A two-dimensional numerical model able to accurately track sharp SL interfaces during solidification of pure metals and alloys
is proposed. The finite-difference method and a rectangular undeformed grid are used for computation. The SL interface is
described through the points of intersection with the grid lines. Its motion is determined by the thermal and solute gradients
at each particular point. Changes of the interface temperature because of capillarity or solute redistribution as well as
any perturbation of the thermal and solute field produced by the presence of non-metallic inclusions can be computed. To validate
the model, the dynamics of the interaction between a gas pore and a solidification front in metal alloys was observed using
a state of the art X-ray transmission microscope (XTM). The experiments included observation of the distortion of the SL interface
near a pore, real-time measurements of the growth rate, and the change in shape of the porosity during interaction with the
SL interface in pure Al and Al-0.25 wt pct Au alloy. In addition, porosity-induced solute segregation patterns surrounding
a pore were also quantified. 相似文献
67.
Modeling of microstructural evolution with tracking of equiaxed grain movement for multicomponent Al-Si alloy 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Bing Jian Yang Doru M. Stefanescu Jose Leon-Torres 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2001,32(12):3065-3076
A new model for the simulation of microstructure evolution of multicomponent alloys with equiaxed dendritic and eutectic morphology
has been developed based upon the mixture-theory model (continuum approach). The model can account for the effects of natural
convection, solidification contraction, solidification kinetics, and grain movement on the solidification microstructure evolution.
The novelty of this model is that it includes tracking of equiaxed dendritic and eutectic grains movement during solidification
and, thus, eliminates the assumption of uniform grain size in a given volume element, which is standard in current advanced
solidification models. This is achieved through the implementation of continuous nucleation laws and of a grain distribution
function over the volume element, in addition to solid transport simulation through the energy equation. To track grain movement,
rules of tracking grain movement are proposed. The model deals with nonequilibrium solidification and describes competitive
growth of primary and eutectic phases. The proposed model was implemented to simulate the microstructural evolution of an
Al-Si-Mg alloy (A356) during solidification. An equivalent pseudobinary approach was developed to calculate the solidification
parameters required in modeling of this multicomponent alloy. Computational experiments with the new model have demonstrated
that significant variations in the volumetric grain density exist throughout the casting because of natural convection. These
differences can be traced with the proposed grain tracking technique but not with current solidification models. 相似文献
68.
Daniel Leidner Alexander Dietrich Michael Beetz Alin Albu-Schäffer 《Autonomous Robots》2016,40(3):519-536
Compliant manipulation is one of the grand challenges for autonomous robots. Many household chores in human environments, such as cleaning the floor or wiping windows, rely on this principle. At the same time these tasks often require whole-body motions to cover a larger workspace. The performance of the actual task itself is thereby dependent on a large number of parameters that have to be taken into account. To tackle this issue we propose to utilize low-level compliant whole-body control strategies parameterized by high-level hybrid reasoning mechanisms. We categorize compliant wiping actions in order to determine relevant control parameters. According to these parameters we set up process models for each identified wiping action and implement generalized control strategies based on human task knowledge. We evaluate our approach experimentally on three whole-body manipulation tasks, namely scrubbing a mug with a sponge, skimming a window with a window wiper and bi-manually collecting the shards of a broken mug with a broom. 相似文献
69.
Md. Azizul Haque Md. Asaduzzaman Md. Sultan Mahomud Md. Rizvi Alam Alin Khaliduzzaman Shib Nath Pattadar Raju Ahmmed 《Food science and biotechnology》2021,30(3):413
Fresh-cut lettuce is a very well-known salad for today''s routines because it obliges minimal preparation to minimize the loss of health beneficial vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and other phytochemicals. It is a prodigious challenge to serve its consumers fresh. Quality of freshly processed lettuce under high CO2 modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) has been investigated as a realistic alternative technique for its preservation. Storage under high CO2 atmospheric treatments exhibited a significant impact in microbial development, electrolyte leakage, volatile metabolites and sensory quality of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce. This storage condition (MAP 1: 5 kPa O2 and 20 kPa CO2 balanced by N2 at 7 °C for 6 days) inhibited the growth of mesophilic bacteria and yeasts; delayed the enzymatic browning (cut-edges and intact surface) of fresh-cut iceberg lettuce and overall visual quality was also in acceptance limit. The development of off-odors was perceived in high CO2 MAP as a consequence of volatiles (ethanol and acetaldehyde) accumulation which was persisted at an inexcusable level during 6 days of storage periods. 相似文献
70.