汽油降解菌的筛选及降解性能研究

从某炼油厂排污口的污泥中筛选、分离得到以汽油为唯一碳源的菌株X,经形态学、生理生化鉴定,确定该菌株为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.),并考察了温度、pH、摇床转速等对x菌株降解汽油的影响.结果表明,该菌的最佳降解条件:温度为37℃、pH值为7.0、摇床转速为180 r/min,在此条件下,对汽油的降解率为80%左右;一定浓度的Cu2+和表面活性剂SDS对汽油的降解有促进作用,且X菌可重复利用.     

混合型发电机组用于孤立电站并联系统

1·应用背景盆五气田位于新疆准噶尔盆地腹部古尔班通古特沙漠腹地,2003年建成1座天然气处理站,并配套一座燃气电站,配有2台Cummins315GFBA(315kW)天然气发电机组,1台Cummins伟力DY140B(140kW)柴油发电机组,运行方式为:天然气发电机组一用一备,互为备用;一台柴油机组紧急备用,为天然气处理站应急负荷供电。盆五井区2003年计算负荷200kW,实际运行负荷约140kW,最大运行负荷180kW。随着气田规模的扩大,2004年在盆五气田又新建了1座6·5万吨级的轻烃处理站。盆五燃气电站扩建的规模为1台315kW燃气发电机组,形成电站2用1备的运行方式。改造…     

胶团强化超滤处理含镉废水

采用聚砜中空纤维超滤膜,十二烷基硫酸钠为表面活性剂,对含镉废水进行胶团强化超滤．研究了运行时间、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度、膜操作压力、溶液pH、溶液中电解质浓度、与非离子表面活性剂Brij复配等因素对该工艺的影响．结果表明,该工艺对镉的去除率可达99％以上．但该工艺不适用于强酸性废水,电解质的存在会降低截留率,SDS与Brij复配能提高截留率．     

表面增强拉曼光谱在环境分析中的研究进展

表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)效应是一种异常的表面光学效应,其增强因子最大可达到1014～1015.环境污染导致人类生存环境受到严重影响.某些污染物,比如持久性污染物,在环境介质中含量低,毒性大,很少能够直接检测出来.因此必须采用更灵敏的方法和技术.由于SERS效应的高灵敏性,SELLS技术有望成为超灵敏分析环境污染物的一种工具.该文综述了表面增强拉曼光谱在环境污染物检测中的研究进展,并提出SERS传感器将是很重要的发展方向.     

Effects of metallic derivatives in adsorbent derivedfrom sewage sludge on adsorption of sulfur dioxide

1　INTRODUCTIONAdsorptionofsulfurdioxideoncarbonaceousma terialshasbeenextensivelystudied .AndactivatedcarbonandactivatedcarbonfibershavebeenfoundtobetheeffectiveadsorbentsforremovalofSO2 [16 ] .AccuratepreliminaryinvestigationshavereportedthattheadsorptionoflargeamountofSO2 isfavoredusingcarbonswithhighsurfaceareaandspecificacidicandbasicsurfacechemicalgroups .Duetotheirspecificsurfacecharacteristics ,activatedcarbonshavebeenextensivelystudiedassuitablematerialsforthead sorptionofmanysu…     

胶团强化超滤中SDS临界胶团浓度变化规律研究

用电导法对十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的临界胶团浓度(CMC)进行了研究,考虑了温度、pH值、金属离子(Cd2+、Zn2+、Pb2+)浓度变化以及SDS和3种非离子表面活性剂(Brij35、TritonX-100、APG)的复配对溶液CMC值的影响。结果表明,随温度升高,pH值上升,金属离子浓度增加以及Brij35/SDS、TritonX-100/SDS、APG/SDS混合体系配比的增加,溶液CMC值减小。特别当复配比在0.13～1时,CMC值的下降趋势非常明显。这一结果为采用胶团强化超滤技术处理电解锌废水时SDS最佳添加量的确定提供了有效的依据。     

生物除铁除锰及其影响因素

随着生物技术在水处理工业中的推广应用，逐渐认识到生物处理是一种经济、可行的处理方案，该文说明了生物除铁除锰的作用及基本情况，并分析了影响生物除铁除锰的若干因素。     

Electrokinetics removal of lead from lead-contaminated red soils

1　INTRODUCTIONApplicationsofelectrokineticsphenomenatore moveheavymetalsfromsoilshavebeenstudiedinre centyearsasoneofthepromisingtechnologies .Thismethodhascertainadvantagesoverothertechnolo gies ,e .g .itcanbepracticedinsitu ,anditisnotdif ficulttoimplementinthefinetexturedsoilswithlowhydraulicconductivity .Usingthistechnology ,somefieldtrialandcleanup projectshaveremovedtoxicheavymetalsfromindustriallypollutedsoils[13] .Thetheoryandprinciplesofthetechnologyhavebeenex tensivelydiscussed…     

Removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solution via micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration

To separate cadmium ions from aqueous solution efficiently, micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration(MEUF) of hollow ultrafiltration membrane was used, with sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and sodium dodecylsul fate (SDS) as surfactants. The important parameters affecting the rejection of cadmium, the permeate flux and the secondary resistance were investigated, including surfactant species, surfactant concentration, operating time,trans-membrane pressure, the addition of electrolyte and solution pH. The results show that the rejection rate of cadmium reaches 97.8%. Trans-membrane pressure and the addition of electrolyte (NaCI) are less influential while surfactant species, surfaetant concentration and pH value are important for micellar-enbanced ultrafiltration. The optimum concentration of surfactant is the critical micelle concentration, and SDBS is better than SDS. Micellarenhanced ultrafiltration with SDBS can separate cadmium ions from aqueous solution efficiently.     

Transformation behavior of lead fractions during composting of lead-contaminated waste

The transformation behaviors of Pb fractions during composting of Pb-polluted waste without inoculants and with the inoculants of Phanerochaete chrysosporium were studied. Results show that the active Pb ions with high toxicity and transferability are transformed into the inactive Pb with low toxicity and transferability, confirming that Pb ions can be efficiently immobilized during composting without or with the inoculants. The soluble-exchangeable Pb in composting without inoculants reaches 49.0 mg/kg at day 60, while that with the inoculants is reduced to 0 mg/kg dry mass compost. The higher contents of organic-bound Pb (59.0 mg/kg) and residual Pb (69.2 mg/kg) with low toxicity are found after 60-day composting with inoculants, compared with those without inoculants. The above data indicate the better immobilization effect of Pb and the greater alleviation of Pb hazards in composting with the inoculants of Phanerochaete chrysosporium than without inoculants, which may be due to the more microbial biomass and the higher pH value in composting of Pb-polluted waste with inoculants.