Real-time characterization of aerosol particle composition,sources and influences of increased ventilation and humidity in an office

Most of human exposure to atmospheric pollutants occurs indoors, and the components of outdoor aerosols may have been changed in the way before reaching indoor spaces. Here we conducted real-time online measurements of mass concentrations and chemical composition of black carbon and the non-refractory species in PM_2.5 in an occupied office for approximately one month. The open-close windows and controlled dampness experiments were also performed. Our results show that indoor aerosol species primarily originate from outdoors with indoor/outdoor ratio of these species typically less than unity except for certain organic aerosol (OA) factors. All aerosol species went through filtration upon transport indoors. Ammonium nitrate and fossil fuel OA underwent evaporation or particle-to-gas partitioning, while less oxidized secondary OA (SOA) underwent secondary formation and cooking OA might have indoor sources. With higher particulate matter (PM) mass concentration outdoors than in the office, elevated natural ventilation increased PM exposure indoors and this increased exposure was prolonged when outdoor PM was scavenged. We found that increasing humidity in the office led to higher indoor PM mass concentration particularly more oxidized SOA. Overall, our results highlight that indoor exposure of occupants is substantially different from outdoor in terms of mass concentrations and chemical species.     

基于非接触式技术的工业点胶机计量测定装置研究

采用高精度的非接触式激光法设计了可对点胶机进行现场计量的检测装置;按照GB/T 26799—2011标准,采用非接触式激光法和传统法对点胶机的重复性、移动速度准确度等进行了对比试验,并用传递比较试验法验证了非接触式激光法的计量规范性。研究结果表明:非接触式激光法测得点胶机的重复性、移动速度准确度均优于传统法,传递比较试验中测得的有效行程和速率均满足工业点胶机的计量规范要求。     

Lessons learned from studying public initiatives to support energy efficiency finance in Thailand from 1992 to 2014

Despite the huge technical and market potential for cost-effective energy efficiency investments in Southeast Asian markets, only a small fraction of this potential has been realised. Given that the major share of global future energy demand, and associated greenhouse gas emissions, will come from emerging economies, it is important to understand the barriers to mainstreaming energy efficiency into the financial sector. This paper focuses on public initiatives that support one of the main barriers: access to capital. The researchers chose Thailand as a case study because of the range of energy efficiency finance programmes that have been designed and implemented since the early 1990s. Interviews with 21 experts from government, the private sector and academia provided the core data for this research. The analysis employed a multi-level perspective and focused on the historical evolution of public support of energy efficiency finance in the country. We identified three distinct phases of public policy development over the past two decades. Despite an impressive variety of ambitious and creative programmes, the initiatives have not yet succeeded in integrating energy efficiency into the financial sector in a meaningful way. Some of the key lessons found are that (a) it is better to treat energy efficiency and renewable energy in separate financing initiatives, (b) governments find it challenging to design effective mechanisms to de-risk financial investments, and (c) international organisations play an important role in testing and facilitating the introduction of new financing approaches and mechanisms. In emerging economies, cost-effective implementation of energy efficiency measures is a promising alternative that can reduce the need for investment in large-scale power generation capacity. The researchers hope that this paper will contribute to more effective design of programmes to incentivise energy efficiency financing in Thailand and in other economies in Southeast Asia.     

基于神经网络的刮板输送机链动态自动张紧控制策略研究

以刮板输送机链自动张紧系统为研究对象,通过控制机尾电机转速和伸缩液压缸的位移,使得机尾链轮上下链张紧力始终恒定,实现刮板链动态自动张紧控制,这是一个时变的两输入两输出耦合系统。本文根据解耦和神经网络的思想,在线系统辨识和调整两个PID控制器的参数,实现了不依赖于对象模型的自适应PID解耦控制。计算机仿真结果表明,该系统具有较强的抗干扰能力和自适应能力,系统鲁棒性增强,为今后进一步研究奠定了基础。     

Evoking emotions in virtual reality: schema activation via a freeze-frame stimulus

Virtual Reality - Virtual reality can be used for educational purposes, particularly in demanding professions such as firefighting. Such virtual training may be useful for preparing trainees for...