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91.
The SET-Plan established a strategy to use Research and Innovation (R&I) to green the EU energy sector while ensuring a secure supply and increasing EU competitiveness. The strategy sets clear objectives and programming plans and takes stock of existing initiatives in the energy sector, fosters a cooperative approach to R&I, introduces a high-level steering group (the SET-Plan Steering Group) to monitor progress, creates a dedicated information system (the SETIS) to fill the void in policy information and produces estimates of financial needs over the programming period. In this respect, the SET-Plan could serve as a blueprint for R&I strategies to tackle other societal challenges. To be effective, such strategies should further clarify the hierarchy of existing objectives and instruments, introduce specific instruments to pull the demand of new technologies, strengthen links with education and training policies and formalize links with the governance structures of existing initiatives. 相似文献
92.
Olivier Morandi Fulvio Risso Pierluigi Rolando Silvio Valenti Paolo Veglia 《Design Automation for Embedded Systems》2011,15(1):51-85
Network processors are special-purpose programmable units deployed in many modern high-speed network devices, which combine
flexibility and high performance. However, software development for these platforms is traditionally cumbersome due both to
the lack of adequate programming abstractions and to the impossibility of reusing the same software on different hardware
platforms. 相似文献
93.
The field-standardized average impact of national research systems compared to world average: the case of Italy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The study presents a time-series analysis of field-standardized average impact of Italian research compared to the world average.
The approach is purely bibliometric, based on census of the full scientific production from all Italian public research organizations
active in 2001–2006 (hard sciences only). The analysis is conducted both at sectorial level (aggregated, by scientific discipline
and for single fields within disciplines) and at organizational level (by type of organization and for single organizations).
The essence of the methodology should be replicable in all other national contexts. Its offers support to policy-makers and
administrators for strategic analysis aimed at identifying strengths and weaknesses of national research systems and institutions. 相似文献
94.
Flow cytometric assessment of the antimicrobial activity of essential oils against Listeria monocytogenes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Antonello Paparella Lorenzo Taccogna Irene Aguzzi Clemencia Chaves-Lpez Annalisa Serio Fulvio Marsilio Giovanna Suzzi 《Food Control》2008,19(12):1174-1182
Flow cytometry was applied to assess the antimicrobial activity of oregano, thyme and cinnamon essential oils against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC19114, using combined staining with propidium iodide (PI) for membrane damage evaluation and carboxyfluorescein diacetate (cFDA) for esterase activity detection. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was also tested at different NaCl concentrations.Significant differences were observed between plate count results and flow cytometric data, which suggested the presence of a sublethally stressed subpopulation, not able to form colonies on agar plates.Following treatments, flow cytometric assessment clearly discriminated three different subpopulations: viable, dead and injured cells. Cinnamon essential oil exerted a different impact on the cellular subpopulations, with a lower overall activity and a large percentage of cells having minimally damaged membranes. On the contrary, membrane disintegration seemed to be the primary inactivation mechanism of oregano and thyme essential oils.The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils increased with NaCl concentration increase, but higher NaCl concentrations were necessary following treatments with cinnamon essential oil.Our findings suggest differences in the mode of action of cinnamon essential oil against L. monocytogenes, in comparison with thyme and oregano essential oils. 相似文献
95.
Abstract The problem of heat transfer in a four channel plate heat exchanger involving the effect of unsymmetrical heat transfer in the outer two channels is studied analytically and experimentally. An energy balance over a control volume yields the governing system of differential equations that has been solved exactly for the cases of parallel flow and counterflow to give the temperature distribution in the channels. The results show that zero or even reversed heat flow may be obtained at the middle plate of the heat exchanger. Expressions for the heat exchanger efficiency and the log-mean temperature difference correction factor in terms of the heat capacity rate ratio and the number of transfer units are presented. Experiments carried out with a counterflow plate heat exchanger show reasonable agreement between the experimentally observed and the theoretically calculated efficiencies and mean driving temperature differences. 相似文献
96.
97.
This paper aims at broadening the scope of hierarchical ATPG to the behavioral-level. The main problem is identified, namely the mismatch of timing models between the behavioral- and gate-levels. As a main contribution of this paper, a theoretical analysis of this problem led to the definition of a novel concept, that of dominated patterns, that captures the needed link between the levels. Some metrics are defined, taken from the software realm, that allow generation of test patterns at the behavioral-level. To validate the concept correctness, different ATPG systems are presented, and experimental results show an improvement in the test quality, thanks to the exploitation of behavioral-level information. 相似文献
98.
99.
Fulvio ArdenteAuthor Vitae Marco BeccaliAuthor VitaeMaurizio CelluraAuthor Vitae Marina Mistretta 《Energy and Buildings》2008,40(1):1-10
The paper presents a life cycle assessment of a kenaf-fibre insulation board following the international standards of the ISO 14040 series. Each life-cycle step has been checked, from kenaf production and board manufacture by an Italian firm, to use and disposal. 相似文献
100.