Phylogenetic implications of the internal transcribed spacers of nrDNA and chloroplast DNA fragments of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Musa</Emphasis> in deciphering the ambiguities related to the sectional classification of the genus

The genus Musa L. comprises of economically important bananas and has been divided into five sections based on their chromosome number and morphological characteristics viz., Australimusa, Callimusa, Eumusa, Rhodochlamys and Ingentimusa. However, this sectional classification has long been disputed. In this study, we present data on sequenced multiple DNA fragments from the maternally inherited chloroplast genome (atpB-rbcL spacer, trnK-matK intron and psbK-psbI spacer) and the biparentally inherited internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA of three species of Musa along with data available in GenBank database to understand their implications on the sectional relationship and phylogeny of the genus Musa. In our findings, none of the five sections of Musa previously defined based on morphology was recovered in the molecular phylogeny analysis using cpDNA and nrDNA. Instead, the results corroborate with the suggestion that sectional classification in the genus Musa should be reviewed by combining together the section Eumusa and Rhodochlamys as one and section Australimusa and Callimusa as a single different section, along with that of Ingentimusa.     

激素对木薯体细胞胚胎发生与植株再生的影响

采用3种激素,通过不同浓度对华南8号木薯品种体细胞胚胎发生和植株再生的试验,获得适宜诱导胚性愈伤组织的培养基配方(MS+0.5mg/LCuSO4+4mg/L2,4-D或12mg/L Picloram)和体细胞胚成熟培养基配方(MS+0.5mg/LCuSO4+0.5mg/LBA)各一个。采用这些培养基配方应用于3个国内推广品种,一个海南当地品种以及两个模式种,诱导体细胞胚胎发生和植株再生效果显著。     

海南龙血树基因组DNA提取方法比较

摘 要：为选择一种简单、快速、有效的海南龙血树总DNA的提取方法,分别采用CTAB法、SDS法、SDS-CTAB法和改良CTAB法提取海南龙血树嫩叶片的总DNA,用琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外分光光度计和ISSR对所提取的总DNA进行检测。结果表明,改良CTAB法提取的DNA A260/A280在1.7-1.9之间,纯度高、杂质少、DNA完整性好。以该方法提取的总DNA为模板进行ISSR扩增,谱带清晰,多态性、稳定性、重复性好。该法提取的总DNA适用于PCR扩增和其他分子生物学研究是有效提取海南龙血树基因组的方法。     

史氏鲟鱼鱼籽营养成分分析及评价

通过研究史氏鲟鱼鱼籽中主要营养成分的含量,利用蛋白质营养的化学评估,为鲟鱼鱼籽的深加工提供参考,为鲟鱼资源的开发及综合利用提供科学依据。采用常规测定方法分析史氏鲟鱼鱼籽中的营养成分。检测结果显示,史氏鲟鱼鱼籽中粗蛋白含量为26.00%;18种氨基酸含量为25.21%,其中必需氨基酸的含量为10.16%,占氨基酸总量的40.30%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值为67.51%,第一限制氨基酸为色氨酸,其氨基酸评分为92;不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的62.8%,EPA和DHA共占10.3%;矿物质含量丰富,尤其是Fe、Zn,达22.07mg/kg和18.00mg/kg。因此,史氏鲟鱼鱼籽具有高蛋白、低糖的特点;蛋白中氨基酸种类齐全,配比合理;含有丰富的矿物质和不饱和脂肪酸,是一种值得大力开发研究与推广的优质资源。     

浙江省茶树地方品种与选育品种遗传多样性和群体结构的EST-SSR分析

以茶树品种龙井43幼根为材料,构建cDNA文库并测序,获得4833条EST序列,拼接后得到3482条无冗余EST,总长2290 kb。对其进行SSR搜索,共检测到577个SSR位点,分布于500条茶树幼根EST中,其中含有EST-SSR的序列占14.36%,平均每3.97 kb出现一个SSR。利用Primer premier 5.0,对含有SSR的EST设计引物416对, 通过退火温度和多态性筛选,确定可用的引物及其最佳退火温度,并从筛到的引物中选取63对及1对已发表引物作为核心引物,对浙江省茶树地方品种和选育品种进行遗传多样性和遗传结构分析。结果显示64对引物均在供试材料中表现出多态性,共检测到232个等位位点,平均每对引物3.6个;每对引物可鉴定的基因型为2~13个,平均4.3个。供试材料多态性信息量(PIC)介于0.02~0.84,平均0.44;扩增位点的观测杂合度平均为0.44,期望杂合度平均为0.48。地方品种的遗传多样性水平略高于选育品种(系)。不同地方资源群体多态性信息量为0.24~0.36,举岩群体的多样性最高,惠明群体的多样性最低。浙江各地区以杭州资源的多态性最高,PIC达0.41;丽水的多态性最低,PIC为0.24。Structure 2.2群体结构分析和UPGMA聚类分析表明,地方品种、选育品种(系)具有相对独立的群体结构,选育品种(系)根据亲缘关系的不同形成不同的类群。     

海南龙血树种质遗传多样性的ISSR分析

应用ISSR标记,对96份海南龙血树种质的遗传多样性进行研究。从100个ISSR引物中筛选出10个多态性明显、反应稳定的引物,共扩增出134条谱带,平均每个引物能扩增出13.4条带,多态性条带比率达99.25%。材料间遗传相似系数为0.589 6～0.985 1,POPGENE结果分析表明,平均Shannon信息指数(I)为0.370 2,平均Nei’s基因多样性(H)为0.232 1,每位点平均有效等位基因(NE)为1.369 2。用UPGMA法将96份海南龙血树种质分为4大类。     

Effect of early feed restriction on hepatic lipid metabolism and expression of lipogenic genes in broiler chickens

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of early feed restriction (ER) on lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function in the liver of broiler chickens. Newly hatched broiler chickens were randomly allocated into control and ER group which was subjected to feed restriction with feed provided on alternate days from hatch to 14 days of age (14 d), followed by ad libitum feeding until the end of the experiment on 63 d. ER group exhibited significantly lower body weight throughout the experiment. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) were significantly higher in ER group at 14 d (P < 0.05), and the higher serum TC level in ER group was also observed at 63 d. In contrast, the contents of triglyceride (TG), TC and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in liver were significantly lower in ER group at 14 d (P < 0.05). At 14 d no significant difference was detected for the mRNA expression of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase-α (ACC-α), carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT-I), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α (PPAR-α) between control and ER group. At 63 d ACC-α mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated accompanied with a significantly up-regulated CPT-ImRNA and a decreased tendency of SREBP-1c mRNA expression in ER group (P = 0.09). Swollen mitochondria with fragmented and reduced cristae were observed in liver of ER group at 14 d. Meanwhile the inner mitochondria membrane viscidity increased and hepatic mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased at 14 d. The results suggest that feed restriction at early postnatal stage may produce long-term effect on lipid metabolism of broiler chicken, probably through, at least in part, alterations in mitochondria morphology and function.     

Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting semen production traits in Karan Fries crossbred bulls

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of genetic and non-genetic factors on production of breeding bulls and semen quality parameters in Karan Fries crossbred male by fitting least squares analysis. Genetically, the animals were divided into three subclasses. The non-genetic factors were season of birth, period of birth, and age group with three subclasses each for season of birth and period of birth. Age group was classified into four subclasses. The traits generated in the study were number of males reaching semen donation stage (AFSC) and first freezing (AFSF), age at last semen collection (ALSC) and last freezing (ALSF), age at disposal (AD), and lifetime semen production traits (up to 1 year after first freezing). The effect of period of birth was significant for AFSC, AFSF, ALSC, and AD. It was also significant for total ejaculates produced in a year. The age group had significant effect on AFSF. Effect of genetic group was significant for freezable ejaculates produced in a year, for frozen semen doses produced in a year, and for number of ejaculates cryoprocessed in a year. Season had no statistically significant effect on any of the traits studied. The influence of period revealed that the most of the traits of breeding bulls improved after intermediate period, which could be due to better care, training, feeding, and other management practices in the latter years. However, no consistent trend could be established for the effects of genetic groups and other non-genetic causes on the traits considered.     

Association of Blood Monocyte and Lymphocyte Count and Disease‐Free Interval in Dogs with Osteosarcoma

Background: Identification of biomarkers that predict outcomes in dogs with osteosarcoma (OSA) would be valuable to veterinarians and owners. Leukocyte numbers in peripheral blood are associated with outcomes in some types of cancer in humans. Hypothesis/Objectives: We hypothesized that increased numbers of monocytes would be associated with reduced disease‐free interval (DFI) in dogs with OSA. Animals: Medical data from 69 dogs with appendicular OSA treated with amputation and chemotherapy were selected for study. Methods: Retrospective study. Statistical associations were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis. Information about DFI and leukogram values, tumor location, and serum alkaline phosphatase was abstracted from the medical record. Results: Higher numbers of circulating monocytes (>0.4 × 10³ cells/μL) and lymphocytes (>1.0 × 10³ cells/μL) before treatment were found to be significantly (P < .05) associated with shorter DFI in dogs with OSA. Other parameters associated with poor outcomes were increased alkaline phosphatase, primary tumor location, and age. Conclusion and Clinical Importance: These results indicated that pretreatment evaluation of monocyte and lymphocyte counts provided prognostic information for dogs with appendicular OSA. Notably, most animals in this study had monocyte counts within the normal reference range, indicating that variations within the reference range of leukocyte values might also have prognostic significance.     

PML regulates apoptosis at endoplasmic reticulum by modulating calcium release

The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) tumor suppressor is a pleiotropic modulator of apoptosis. However, the molecular basis for such a diverse proapoptotic role is currently unknown. We show that extranuclear Pml was specifically enriched at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and at the mitochondria-associated membranes, signaling domains involved in ER-to-mitochondria calcium ion (Ca(2+)) transport and in induction of apoptosis. We found Pml in complexes of large molecular size with the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP(3)R), protein kinase Akt, and protein phosphatase 2a (PP2a). Pml was essential for Akt- and PP2a-dependent modulation of IP(3)R phosphorylation and in turn for IP(3)R-mediated Ca(2+) release from ER. Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the pleiotropic role of Pml in apoptosis and identify a pharmacological target for the modulation of Ca(2+) signals.