Foreign metallic pellet in the heart

Foreign bodies in the heart are a rare but serious form of cardiac injury. The objects usually are sharp pointed. Such as acupuncture needles,sewing needles, coat hangers, fragments of Kirschner wires, pins, etc. 1 We report a patient with a metallic pellet lodged in the heart, which was accurately diagnosed and successfully removed.     

多层螺旋CT三维重建在左肾静脉压迫综合征中的临床应用

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)三维重建在左肾静脉压迫综合征中的诊断价值。方法应用16层螺旋CT对11例左肾静脉压迫综合征病例进行泌尿系增强多期扫描,并获得各种后处理图像。结果11例左肾静脉压迫综合征病例均可见肠系膜上动脉(SMA)压迫左肾静脉(LRV)的征象。CT多平面重建(MPR)直观地显示了腹主动脉(AO)与SMA之间的夹角(α),最大为21.88,°最小为12.86°,平均为17.95°。CT横断位图像显示扩张的左肾静脉直径为12~15.3 mm,平均为13.26 mm;LRV受SMA压迫狭窄处直径为3.0~4.0 mm,平均为3.26 mm。左侧卵巢静脉或睾丸静脉直径为2.1~2.6 mm,平均为2.2 mm。5例增强扫描肾实质期(后期)显示双肾实质密度相差20 HU以上。结论MSCT在胡桃夹综合征诊断中具有明显的优势。     

β-七叶皂苷钠治疗高温高湿环境下重型颅脑伤的疗效观察

目的探讨β-七叶皂苷钠治疗高温高湿环境下重型颅脑伤的效果。方法高温高湿环境(气温≥35℃,相对温度≥80%)下,100例重型颅脑损伤患者随机分成β-七叶皂苷钠治疗组(50例)和对照组(50例),观察治疗早期患者生命体征、颅内压(ICP)、头颅CT、经颅多普勒(TCD)变化和远期疗效,对两组结果进行比较。结果治疗组,早期患者呼吸循环较快恢复稳定,呼吸异常率26%,心律异常率26%;伤后10d颅内压显著升高率和重型脑水肿率与对照组比较均明显减少(P<0.01);治疗组TCD结果血流速度接近正常;伤后6个月恢复良好率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),重残及死亡率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论β-七叶皂苷钠可以降低高温高湿环境下重型颅脑伤患者颅内压升高幅度,缩短昏迷时间,降低伤残率,促进患者神经功能恢复,改善预后,使用安全,治疗过程中未见副作用。     

早期乳腺导管原位癌X线表现与预后生物学标记关系的研究

目的评价乳腺导管原位癌（DCIS）及DCIS伴微浸润的X线片表现，分析X线表现与预后生物学标记的相关性。方法对50例乳腺DCIS及45例DCIS伴微浸润的患者行X线检查，共62例行预后生物学标记，分析影像表现与孕激素受体（PR）、癌基因（C—erbB-2）、抑癌基因（p53）的相关性。用卡方检验进行统计学处理，并对有意义者行优势比（OR值）分析。结果（1）单独1个X线征象表现者62例；合并2个征象26例；阴性7例。（2）各种X线征象单独分析显示，62例有钙化的病灶中恶性钙化占73％（45例），其余为中间性钙化；钙化以簇状分布最为常见（36例），其次为段样分布（18例）。22例有肿块的病灶中，以卵圆形肿块最为常见（13例）；肿块的边缘表现为浸润、小分叶、清晰和模糊各为15、1、4和2例；等密度肿块占的比例较高（55％，12例）。结构扭曲7例，除1例外多与其他征象伴行；局灶性不对称占16％（15／95），可单独发生或与其他征象伴发。（3）将病灶的X线表现分成恶性钙化、中间性钙化和非钙化3组，PR与C-erbB-2在3组中的分布有统计性意义，PR阳性表达者X线上非钙化征象发生率是中间性钙化的11．00倍[χ^2=8．571，P=0．003；95％可信区间（CI）为1．998～60．572]、恶性钙化的8．80倍（χ^2=9．748，P=0．002；95％CI为2．024～38．253）；而C—erbB-2高表达者，恶性钙化是非钙化发生的12．35倍（χ^2=7．353，P=0．007；95％CI为1．447—105．443），中间性钙化的5．74倍（χ^2=4．977，P=0．026；95％CI为1．110～29．645）。结论乳腺DCIS及DCIS伴微浸润X线征象有特征。X线征象可以作为早期乳腺DCIS的一个预后因子。     

血小板活化与冠心病关系的研究进展

病理性血小板活化与血栓性疾病密切相关,在心血管疾病中,这一病理生理过程不仅与冠心病的发生、发展有着非常重要的联系,而且对于该病的治疗策略的优化和近、远期预后等方面都有直接的影响。     

PDCA循环在临床急救药品管理中的运用

目的探讨人流术室内空气中单位时间氧化亚氮的变化及对人的影响。方法对80例行人流手术患者在手术前、术者持续工作60min、术者持续工作70min和通风30min分别采样80、40、40、80份，并进行不同时段比较。结果手术70min 92．5％样本N2P释放量〉0.15mg／m^3，与手术前、手术60min及通风30min比较，差异有显著性意义（均P〈0.01）。结论氧化亚氮在无痛人流术操作过程中，时间〉60min会引起人体不适，需采取通风换气的措施，才能使空气净化。     

Anti-inflammatory effect of erythropoietin pretreatment on cardiomyocytes with hypoxia/reoxygenation injury and the possible mechanism

Objective： To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of erythropoietin （EPO） pretreatment on cardiomyocytes exposed to hypoxialreoxygenation injury （H/R） and explore the possible mechanism.
Methods： The cultured neonatal rats＇ ventricular cardiomyocytes were divided randomly into 4 groups, control group （C group）, EPO pretreatment group （E group）, EPO and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate （PDTC） pretreatment group （EP group） and PDTC pretreatment group （P group）. After 24 hours＇ pretreatment, the cardiomyocytes were exposed to H/R. After pretreatment and H/R, the expression of tumor necrosis factor- α （TNF- α ） gene in all the groups was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. The nuclear factor- κ B （NF- κB） activity was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay （EMSA） and the inhibitor- κB α （Ⅰ- κB α） protein level was detected by Western blot.
Results： The decrement of Ⅰ- κB a protein and the increasing NF- KB activity were found in cardiomyocytes pretreated with EPO before H/R compared to other groups （t=3.321, 4.183, P〈0.01）. However, after H/R, NF- κB activity and expression of TNF- α gene were significantly reduced, Ⅰ- κB a protein expression was increased in cardiomyocytes of E group compared to other groups （t=-3.425, 3.687, 3.454, P〈0.01）. All theses changes caused by EPO pretreatment were eliminated by the intervention of PDTC （an antagonist to NF- κB） during pretreatment.
Conclusions： EPO pretreatment can inhibit the activation of NF- κB and upregulation of TNF- α gene in cardiomyocytes exposed to H/R through a negative feedback of NF- κB signaling pathway, and thus produces the anti-inflammatory effect. This might be one of the ways EPO produces the anti-inflammatory effect.     

两种不同术式治疗下肢静脉功能不全的近期疗效对照研究

目的 评价腔内射频闭合术联合TriVex刨吸术治疗下肢静脉功能不全的疗效. 方法 150例下肢静脉功能不全患者(150条患肢)随机分为A、B两组,每组75例.A组行大隐静脉射频闭合术联合曲张浅静脉TriVex刨吸术,B组行大隐静脉高位结扎抽剥术联合曲张浅静脉TriVex刨吸术.比较两组手术情况、术后4周患者对手术的自身评价、手术前后CEAP(clinic,etiologic,anatomic and pathophysiological classification)分级和临床严重程度计分(venous clinical severity score,vcss)的变化.结果 A、B两组手术时间分别为(67±11)min和(69±9)min(P＞0.05),A组术后疼痛轻、下地时间早、住院天数少、皮下血肿发生率低,但皮下硬结发生率高于B组;对手术的评价A组为(11.21±2.00)分优于B组(10.52±2.08)分,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);两组手术前后CEAP分级和VCSS计分变化差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01),A、B两组手术前后VCSS分差为(4.6±2.5)分和(4.3±2.7)分(P＞0.05).结论 利用射频闭合术联合TriVex刨吸术治疗下肢静脉功能不全有效,且微创、并发症少.CEAP临床分级和VCSS临床记分可用于其疗效评价.     

络脉学说源流及理论前景

络脉系统是经络系统的重要组成部分,但络脉具有独特的生理功能与病理变化,络脉病变是多种内伤杂病和外感重症发生、发展、变化的重要因素之一。络脉学说肇始于《内经》。《内经》对络脉的生理特点、病理变化以及在临床诊断、治疗中的应用等内容已有较完备的记载,奠定了络脉学说     

血管紧张素(1-7)和依那普利拉对烧伤血清离体灌注大鼠心脏功能的影响

Objective To investigate effects of angiotcnsin ( 1-7 ) [ Ang( 1-7 ) ] and enalaprilat on function of isolated rat heart perfused by burn serum. Methods Eighty SD rats were used to prepare burn serum. Hearts of another 24 SD rats were isolated to reproduce Langendorff perfusion model. The rat hearts were divided into different groups with different perfusion fluids as K-H buffer group, K-H buffer containing 20% burn serum group ( burn serum group) , K-H buffer containing 20% burn serum and 2 μg/mL enala-prilat group (enalaprilat group), and K-H buffer containing 20% burn serum and 1 nmol/mL Ang(1-7) group [ Ang(1-7) group]. The rat hearts were perfused for 30 mins with each of above-mentioned fluids in different groups. Then left ventrieular systolic pressure (LVSP) , left ventricular end diastolic pressure ( LV-EDP) , ± dp/dt max, coronary flow(CF) , level of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in respective coronary effluent were determined. Results Compared with LVSP ( 11.2 ± 1.0 kPa, 1 kPa = 7.5 mm Hg), +dp/dt max (642±53 kPa/s), -dp/dt max (380±61 kPa/s) and CF level in K-H buffer group, CF, LVSP(5.9±0.8, 8.0±1.1, 8.9±1.3 kPa, respectively), +dp/dt max(275±37, 454±48, 479±63 kPa/s, respectively), - dp/dt max ( 135±35, 219±47, 277±58 kPa/s, respectively ) of burn serum group, those levels in Ang(1-7) group, and enalaprilat group were decreased obviously(P<0.05 or P <0.01 ), but LVEDP, level of CK and LDH in coronary effluent were increased. Compared with those parameters in burn serum group, CF, LVSP, ±dp/dt max of Ang(1-7) group and enalaprilat group were increased obviously(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and LVEDP, level of CK and LDH in coronary effluent were decreased obviously(P<0.01). Conclusions Ang(1-7) and enalaprilat can effectively improve left ventricular function of isolated rat heart perfused by burn serum and mitigate myocardial injury.