Assessment of carbohydrate tolerance in pregnancy

A review is given of the various methods of assessing carbohydrate tolerance in pregnancy. Oral glucose tolerance screening and diagnostic tests have been in use for more than 25 years. They are easily administered, relatively inexpensive, and present reasonable sensitivity; therefore, they continue to be used quite extensively. However, lack of reproducibility of the results and side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and headache have led to the use of alternate methods including glucose polymer (Polycose) and standard breakfast meals. These methods have been reported to present satisfactory results in clinical practice. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fructosamine assays are also alternate forms of testing carbohydrate metabolism HbA1c measurement have been proven insensitive as a screening test for gestational diabetes, while their use as an index of overall glucose control remains valuable. The role of fructosamine in the assessment of carbohydrate intolerance remains controversial with conflicting claims made by various investigators regarding its sensitivity in detecting gestational diabetes and its response to alterations in glycemic control. In this review, the relative advantages and disadvantages of each glucose tolerance test are discussed and recommendations are given regarding their utility in pregnancy.     

103例流行性出血热患者的心电图及心肌酶学分析

目的了解流行性出血热病毒(EHFV)对心脏的损害情况。方法对103例流行性出血热(EHF)患者的心电图及心肌酶学检测结果进行分析。结果72例(69.9%)患者出现心电图异常,以窦性心动过缓(27.9%)及窦性心动过速(22.3%)最常见,明显高于其它类型的心电图改变(P分别<0.05和0.001)。103例流行性出血热(EHF)患者的CK、LDH及HBDH的升高者分别为43例(41.2%)、73例(70.9%)及46例(44.7%),以LDH异常最常见。轻型、中型、重型及危重型流行性出血热患者的LDH值分别为(346.3±155.6)IU/L、(330.7±130.7)IU/L、(1114.4±872.4)IU/L及(1227.1±936.7)IU/L,经统计学处理重型及危重型的值与轻型、中型比较均有显著性或高度显者性差异。结论EHF患者并发心肌损害较普遍,而且病情愈重者,心肌损害愈严重。     

关于课堂多媒体教学的思考

多媒体教学已成为课堂教学的一种常用手段，多媒体教学应从实际需要出发，以提高教学效果为目标；需要教师掌握多种计算机及多媒体知识技能，科学地进行教学设计；教学过程中应发挥多媒体的优势，注重师生交流。对此本文进行了探讨。     

中重型β地中海贫血基因类型分析

目的 了解中间型和重型β地中海贫血基因突变类型及其相关血液，生化变化。方法 应用反向点杂交法检测16种β地贫点突变基因，常规进行血细胞分析及其他地贫筛查试验。结果 27例中重型β地贫患者中10例为纯合子，17例为双重杂合子，10例纯合子中5例CD41-42纯合子，占50%，3例TATAnt-28纯合子，占30%；CD17纯合子和IVS-nt654纯合子各1例，各占10%，17例双重杂合子中5例为IVS-nt654/CD41-42占29.4%,3例为CD17/CD41-42，占17.6%;3例为TATAnt-28/CD41-42，占17.6%;2例为βE/IVS-nt654,占11.6%;CD17/TATAnt-28,IVS-nt654/CD17,IVS-nt654/CD1-1,1CD71-72/IVS-nt654各1例，各占5.9%。27例患者血红蛋白均低于90.0g/L。平均为58.8g/L；平均MCV为65.0fl。脆性均少于60%。结论 中重型β地中海贫血基因突变类型多样，组合类型不同，临床表现轻重不一，多呈中重度贫血，血液，生化均有明显改变，多需输血维持生命，故应做好产前诊断，预防其出生。     

Innervation of the trapezius muscle: is cervical contribution important to its function?

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of the cervical plexus and the accessory nerve to the function of the trapezius muscle. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Eighteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups. The neurotomies were performed in the left sides and the right sides served as within-subject controls. In group A, the accessory nerve was transected. The C2-5 were transected in group B, and both of the accessory nerve and C2-5 were cut in group C. The electrophysiologic, myophysiologic, and histologic changes of the muscles were measured. RESULTS: There were significant differences (P < 0.05) between the three groups in the recovery rates of the transverse area of the muscles. The CMAP recorded from the experimental sides in group B were similar to the control sides. The values of the maximum tension of the tetanus contraction between the two sides showed no differences either (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The accessory nerve supplies the most important motor input to the trapezius. Motor innervations of the cervical plexus are not very significant.     

广西巴马长寿乡壮族长寿老人永生细胞库的建立

目的：建立广西巴马长寿乡壮族长寿老人永生细胞库。方法：使用EB病毒转化外周血B淋巴细胞方法。结果：建立了长寿者外周血细胞转化永生细胞株的方法，转化成功率77．4％。建立了65株长寿老人、直系亲属永生细胞株及长寿老人资料库和完整的细胞株档案。结论：广西巴马长寿乡壮族长寿老人永生细胞库的建立为永久保存细胞系及后续研究提供了必要的基础。     

Influence of blood supply of the esophageal and gastric stumps on anastomotic healing after esophagogastrostomy in rabbits]

OBJECTIVE: To study how blood supply of the esophageal and gastric stumps influences the anastomotic healing after esophagogastrostomy in rabbits. METHODS: Twenty-seven New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups to receive esophagogastrostomy, followed by different procedures. Except for those in group I, all the rabbits were subjected to procedures of reducing the blood supply either of the esophageal or the gastric stump (group II and group III, respectively), followed by single-layer esophagogastric anastomoses using interrupted 5-0 polypropylene sutures. Ten days after operation, all the rats were killed and the anastomotic sites excised for measurement of the inner diameter, tensile strength, and hydroxyproline concentration. RESULTS: Healing of the esophagograstric anastomosis was obtained in all the rabbits but one with anastomotic leakage in group I and one with perforation of the gastric fundus in group III. The anastomotic inner diameters were similar in all the three groups, whereas the tensile strength and hydroxyproline concentration at the anastomoses decreased in group III in comparison with the other two groups (P<0.05) that had similar measurements (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Extended length of the free esophageal stump does not significantly affect anastomotic healing as decrease of blood supply in the gastric stump.     

使用电力载波技术实现中央控制电子钟

本文应用电力载波技术，实现远端时钟的中央控制。系统通过电力载波芯片从电力线上收发控制信号，中央控制端发送的时钟校准信号到电力线网络，接人网络的远端时钟接收到校准信号后，由微处理器解析数据调整受控端时钟显示，从而实现时钟的中央控制。     

乳母血清泌乳素水平与泌乳量关系的观察

用放射免疫法测定产后40天和60天乳母血清泌乳素基础水平和吸吮后泌乳素最大反应性增值,发现其与乳母泌乳量、婴儿吸吮频率、吸吮时间之间均不存在正相关关系,推测引起泌乳素分泌除吸吮外,还存在其他机理。     

辛伐他汀对早期糖尿病大鼠视网膜白细胞黏附的影响

目的 观察辛伐他汀（Sim）对白细胞在早期糖尿病大鼠视网膜毛细血管中黏附、堆积的影响,探索他汀类药物可能的非调脂性治疗作用.方法 Wistar大鼠40只,随机分为正常对照组、糖尿病组（DM）、糖尿病Sim组（DMsim）和糖尿病生理盐水组（DM saline）.腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）建立糖尿病模型,成模后Sim组予以Sim15 mg/（kg·d）;DMsim组等量灌胃,2周后处死动物,取右眼制备视网膜石蜡切片,行形态学观察及CD45-MAb免疫组织化学研究.结果 CD45在正常大鼠视网膜血管内皮细胞胞膜中有表达,DM组CD45的表达明显增加,与正常对照组、DMsim组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜O.05）.结论 早期糖尿病大鼠视网膜白细胞黏附性增加,Sim可显著地抑制白细胞在视网膜中的黏附和堆积,改善糖尿病大鼠视网膜微循环.