纹理分析T1WI对比增强图像分级脑胶质瘤

目的探讨纹理分析T1WI对比增强图像在分级脑胶质瘤中的价值。 方法回顾性分析2014年10月至2019年10月在扬州大学附属医院,经手术病理证实的29例低级别胶质瘤(LGG)和63例高级别胶质瘤(HGG),使用MaZda软件提取T1WI对比增强(CE-T1WI)肿瘤纹理特征并分析比较两组间9个直方图参数,包括平均值(mean)、变异度(variance)、偏度(skewness)、峰度(kurtosis)和第1、10、50、90、99百分位数(Pere.1%、Pere.10%、Pere.50%、Pere.90%、Pere.99%),采用多变量Logistic回归对有统计意义的参数进行建模并绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)曲线评价在两组间差异有统计学意义的参数及多变量Logistic回归模型鉴别两者的效能。 结果LGG组的3个参数(kurtosis,pere.1%,pere.10%)高于HGG组(P均<0.05),4个参数(mean,variance,pere.90,pere.99%)低于HGG组(P均<0.05),而skewness、pere.50%这2个参数在两组间无明显差异(P均>0.05);在两组间差异有统计学意义的7个参数中,variance鉴别两者的效能最佳,灵敏度、特异度及AUC分别为79.4%、86.2%、0.878,7个参数建立的多变量Logistic回归模型的效能优于所有参数,灵敏度、特异度及AUC分别为87.3%、79.3%、0.882。 结论基于CE-T1WI的直方图参数可有效鉴别LGG与HGG,而以两组间差异有统计学意义直方图参数建立的多变量Logistic回归模型诊断效能更佳。     

重症急性胰腺炎新分类再评价的单中心临床研究

目的 探讨新的急性胰腺炎（AP）分类标准的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2012年12月收治的649例重症急性胰腺炎（SAP）患者资料,按新的分类标准将其分为中度AP（MSAP）和重度AP（SAP）,比较两组患者的Ranson、APACHEⅡ、BISAP、MCTSI、Marshall评分,器官衰竭发生率,临床治疗情况,预后及病死率.结果 649例传统分类的SAP患者按照新分类标准分为MSAP559例和SAP 90例.两组患者的性别、年龄、病因差异均无统计学意义.新分类的MSAP患者入院时的Ranson、APACHEⅡ、BISAP、MCTSI、Marshall评分分别为（1.5±1.3）、（7.6±4.8）、（1.6±0.9）、（6.0±1.8）、（0.0±0.4）分,新分类的SAP患者分别为（3.4±1.7）、（16.8±5.7）、（2.7±0.9）、（6.9±2.1）、（4.3±2.0）分,两组差异均有统计学意义（P值均＜0.01）.MSAP患者发生呼吸衰竭1例次,肾脏衰竭1例次,循环衰竭0例次,发生2个脏器衰竭0例,3个脏器衰竭1例,新分类的SAP患者分别为30、23、l例次和20、11例,两组差异具有统计学意义（P值均＜0.01）.新分类的SAP患者需要入住的重症监护病房（ICU）、血液净化、机械通气、介入引流、外科手术等例数的百分比均显著高于MSAP组,且需要时间也长于后者,两组间的差异均有统计学意义（P值均＜0.01）,但两组患者需要肠内营养支持的例数差异无统计学意义.新分类的SAP患者的院内病死率为35.6％（32/90）,显著高于MSAP组的2.0％（11/559）,平均住院时间为（36.3 ±30.2）d,也显著长于MSAP患者的（23.0±18.8）d,两组间的差异均具有统计学意义（P值均＜0.01）.结论 采用新的AP分类方法能更精确地反映病情的严重程度,更准确地判断预后并指导临床治疗.     

Contemporary management and outcomes of infective tunnelled haemodialysis catheter-related right atrial thrombi: a case series and literature review

INTRODUCTIONInfective haemodialysis catheter-related right atrial thrombus (CRAT) is a complication of tunnelled catheter use. Management recommendations are based mainly on published case series prior to 2011. We report our institution’s recent experience in managing infective haemodialysis CRAT and correlate treatment with outcomes.METHODSWe conducted a retrospective analysis of haemodialysis CRAT cases diagnosed on transthoracic echocardiography between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2017. Clinical outcomes, including mortality at 180 days post diagnosis and thrombus resolution, were traced from electronic medical records.RESULTSThere were 14 cases identified. The median age was 59 (range 47–88) years and 11 (78.6%) were male. Sepsis was the most common reason for hospitalisation (71.4%). Blood cultures identified Staphylococcus aureus in seven cases, of which two were methicillin-resistant. Three had coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. All cases received antibiotics with infectious disease physician input. Seven were treated with catheter removal alone, of which three died within 180 days. Both cases treated with catheter removal plus anticoagulation survived at 180 days. Of the two cases who had anticoagulation without catheter removal, one died within 180 days and the other did not have thrombus resolution. Three underwent surgical thrombus removal, of which two died postoperatively and the last required repeated operations and prolonged hospitalisation. Mortality at 180 days post diagnosis was 42.9%.CONCLUSIONCatheter removal and anticoagulation are modestly effective. Surgery is associated with poor outcomes. Despite contemporary management, infective haemodialysis CRAT still results in high mortality. Prospective studies are needed to identify the optimal management.     

急性肾损伤生物标志物在危重症患者中的研究进展

急性肾损伤（acute kidney injury,AKI）是重症监护室（intensive care units,ICU）患者的常见疾病,死亡率高。目前,改善全球肾脏病预后组织（Kidney Disease：Improving Global Outcomes,KDIGO）发布的最新AKI临床实践指南仍以血肌酐值及尿量作为AKI的诊断标准,对AKI的早期发现存在一定局限性。近年来,一些AKI生物标志物已经在临床实践中得到验证,如中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白、白介素-18、肾损伤分子-1、Ｌ型脂肪酸结合蛋白、胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-7和组织抑制金属蛋白酶-2、MicroRNA（miRNA）等,但因ICU中AKI患者存在更复杂的发病机制和病理生理学改变,这些生物标志物在ICU中并没有得到广泛使用,本文就AKI的新型生物标志物在ICU患者中的研究进展作一综述。     

湖北地区不同年龄、不同性别人群新型冠状病毒核酸检测结果回顾性分析

目的：回顾性分析湖北地区新型冠状病毒（2019 novel coronavirus,2019-nCoV）核酸检测结果在不同年龄、不同性别间的差异,为新型冠状病毒肺炎（coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19）疫情防控提供依据。方法：选定84 611名受检者为研究对象,分为0~、10~、20~、30~、40~、50~、60~、70~和80~共9个年龄段组,每个年龄段又分为男性组和女性组。将每组各个受检者的2019-nCoV核酸检测结果进行统计分析。结果：全部受检人群2019-nCoV核酸的阳性率为5.33%,以仅N基因阳性为主,占全部阳性病例的比重为66.42%。2019-nCoV核酸阳性率随着受检者年龄的增长而逐步增高,峰值出现在60~年龄段。女性2019-nCoV核酸整体阳性率（6.21%）明显高于男性（4.64%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,主要是20~60岁年龄段的女性2019-nCoV核酸阳性率比男性高（各年龄段组内女性与男性比较,均P＜0.05）。结论：2019-nCoV核酸阳性率与年龄、性别相关,20~60岁女性比男性更易感染,70岁以前2019-nCoV核酸阳性率随受检者年龄的增长而逐步增高。     

Association Between Alcohol Use and HIV-Related Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM): Findings from a Multi-Site Bio-Behavioral Survey in India

This paper examines the association between alcohol use and HIV-related sexual risk behaviors among men who have sex with men (MSM). A cross-sectional bio-behavioral survey was conducted among 3,880 MSM, recruited using time-location cluster sampling from cruising sites in three Indian states. Nearly three-fifths of the participants reported alcohol use. Among frequent users (40 % of the sample), defined as those who consumed alcohol daily or at least once a week, 66 % were aged 25 years and above, 53 % self-identified as kothi (feminine/receptive), and 63 % consistently used condoms with male paying partners. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that frequent users were more likely to be aged 25 years and above, less likely to self-identify as kothi, and less likely to consistently use condoms with male paying (AOR = 0.7; 95 % CI 0.5–0.9) and male regular (AOR = 0.7; 95 % CI 0.6–0.9) partners. HIV prevention interventions for MSM need to provide tailored information on alcohol use-related sexual risk, especially for MSM in sex work and MSM with male regular partners.     

雷公藤多甙联合异甘草酸镁治疗儿童自身免疫性肝炎疗效及其对血清IL-17和CXCL10水平的影响

目的 探讨应用雷公藤多甙联合异甘草酸镁治疗自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)儿童的疗效及对血清白介素-17(IL-17)和趋化因子10(CXCL10)水平的影响。方法 2018年1月~2019年3月我院儿科收治的AIH患儿57例,随机分为观察组29例和对照组28例。给予对照组异甘草酸镁注射液静脉滴注治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加用雷公藤多苷片口服治疗,两组均持续治疗8周。采用ELISA法检测血清IL-17、趋化因子8(CXCL8)和CXCL10水平。结果 治疗后,观察组和对照组血清谷草转氨酶(AST)水平分别为(48.4±9.3)U/L和(61.2±12.5) U/L (P＜0.05)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平分别为[(59.3±7.6)U/L和(66.4±9.7)U/L (P＜0.05)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平分别为(60.2±5.1)U/L和(75.7±6.4)U/L(P＜0.05);两组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)水平分别为(13.8±2.9)mg/L和(16.3±3.4)mg/L(P＜0.05)、IgA水平分别为(2.4±0.3)mg/L和(2.9±0.5)mg/L(P＜0.05)、IgM水平分别为(2.6±0.3)mg/L和(3.1±0.4)mg/L (P＜0.05);血清IL-17水平分别为(6.8±0.7)ng/ml和(7.3±0.9)ng/ml (P＜0.05)、CXCL8水平分别为(10.4±1.2)pg/ml和(13.8±1.6) pg/ml (P＜0.05)、CXCL10水平分别为(16.3±2.5) pg/ml和(22.6±3.7)pg/m (P＜0.05);治疗后,观察组患儿不良反应发生率为12.5%,与对照组的7.5%比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。结论 在异甘草酸镁治疗的基础上加用雷公藤多甙治疗儿童AIH疗效较好,安全性高,可有效改善肝功能和免疫功能,降低机体炎症反应,值得临床进一步验证。     

卡托普利对非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠肝细胞脂肪变性的影响

目的 研究卡托普利对非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)大鼠肝细胞脂肪变性的影响。方法 随机将64只大鼠分为对照组16只(普通饲料喂养和生理盐水灌胃)、模型组16只(高脂饲料和生理盐水灌胃)、卡托普利处理组16只和罗格列酮处理组16只。给药6 w后取血清和肝组织,检测肝组织细胞色素氧化酶P4502E1(CYP2E1)mRNA水平及血清丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平。结果 模型组肝细胞体积增大,见广泛性脂肪变性和细胞水肿,而卡托普利处理组大部分肝细胞排列正常,可见少量的脂肪变性,部分细胞水肿;卡托普利处理组血清AST、ALT、TC和TG水平分别为(94.1±15.6)U/L、(27.3±6.2)U/L、(1.4±0.2)mmol/L和(1.0±0.2)mmol/L,显著低于模型组【分别为(134.4±35.1)U/L、(35.2±7.1)U/L、(1.8±0.4)mmol/L和(1.4±0.2)mmol/L,P＜0.05】;卡托普利处理组肝湿重、肝指数和肝组织CYP2E1 mRNA水平分别为(11.7±2.1)g、(2.3±0.3)%和(1.8±0.2),显著低于模型组【分别为(14.3±2.0)g、(2.6±0.2)%和(2.3±0.1),P＜0.05】;卡托普利处理组血清MDA水平为(7.6±2.5)nmol/L,显著低于模型组【(12.1±2.6)nmol/L,P＜0.05】,而血清GSH水平为(41.0±17.5)mg/L,显著高于模型组【(22.2±10.2)mg/L,P＜0.05】。结论 卡托普利可有效减轻非酒精性脂肪性肝病大鼠肝细胞脂肪变性程度,可能与纠正脂代谢紊乱、恢复肝功能、增强抗氧化应激能力有关。