提高储层预测精度技术思路与对策

采用地质、地震、测井人员协同一体化作业，对地下地质目标进行综合预测与评价，可提高储层预测精度，降低预测结果的多解性。主要方法是针对不同的区块，采用不同的方法和对策，首先从单井储层划分对比入手，建立储层沉积模式，同时对地震数据目的层段进行精细解释，建立地层构造模式，用沉积、构造等地质规律来指导和约束反演；利用测井资料对地震资料进行精细标定，建立各井的单井波阻抗模型，建立井数据和地震数据沟通的桥梁；在严格的测井约束、地质模型约束、层位控制下进行储层反演；充分利用地质、地震反演结果、地震参数提取及分析结果、测井、测试和分析化验等资料对储层预测结果进行综合分析与评价。该方法应用于长庆、大庆、准噶尔等实际区块，取得了较好的效果。     

A new technique for on-line and off-line high speed computation

A novel technique for both online and offline computation is presented. With this technique, a reconstruction analysis in elementary particle physics, otherwise prohibitively long, has been accomplished. It will be used online in an upcoming Fermilab experiment to reconstruct more than 100000 events per second and to trigger on the basis of that information. The technique delivers 40 gigaoperations per second, has a bandwidth on the order of gigabytes per second, and has a modest cost. An overview of the program, details of the system, and performance measurements are presented     

Metabolism of lysophosphatidylcholine by swine platelets

Incubation of intact platelets from Sinclair(S-1) miniature swine with³²P-labeled lysophosphatidylcholine (lyso PC) indicated the presence of an active lysophospholipase with a pH optimum of 8.0 for hydrolysis of the substrate. However, lyso PC was incorporated into the membrane phosphatidylcholines by the acyltransferase pathway upon addition of ATP, Mg⁺⁺ and CoA to the platelet suspension. These results suggest that intact platelets are able to resist the cytotoxic effects of lyso PC in plasma, and the phospholipids in platelet membranes are not readily affected by the lipid environment of the plasma. The acyltransfer reaction apparently is saturated with endogenous free fatty acids since arachidonic acid added exogenously did not further enhance the incorporation activity. Neither the acyltransferase nor the lysophospholipase activity was affected by Ca⁺⁺, but divalent metal ions such as Zn⁺⁺ inhibited the lysophospholipase activity. Cholesterol but not cholesteryl esters elicited a biphasic effect on both enzymes, stimulating at low concentration but inhibiting at a cholesterol to lyso PC ratio greater than 1. Serum albumin inhibited the lysophospholipase but gave a small biphasic effect to the acyltransferase.     

Distal dorsal forearm flap

Reinstatement and spontaneous recovery of previously extinguished nicotine-taking behavior were examined in rats. Male subjects were trained to self-administer nicotine (30 microg/kg per infusion, IV; one 60-min session per day for 3 weeks). Extinction sessions were then given for 5-10 days during which saline was substituted for nicotine. Subsequently, in the first set of tests for nicotine seeking, the reinstatement of lever presses that previously delivered nicotine was examined after priming injections of saline and nicotine (75, 150 and 300 microg/kg, SC; and 30 and 60 microg/kg, IV). In the second set of tests for nicotine-seeking, rats were tested after an additional 21-day drug-free period during which they were not exposed to the self-administration chambers (a test for the spontaneous recovery of drug seeking), and after priming injections of nicotine (150 and 300 microg/kg, SC). Reinstatement of extinguished food-reinforced behavior after exposure to nicotine was also determined. Priming injections of nicotine reinstated nicotine seeking regardless of the route of administration. In addition, previously extinguished nicotine seeking recovered spontaneously after a 21-day period during which rats were not exposed to the drug-taking environment. Nicotine also reinstated extinguished food-reinforced behavior in rats with a history of nicotine self-administration, but not in drug-naive rats. The present results extend previous work with opioid and stimulant drugs on reinstatement of drug seeking by the self-administered drug. It also appears that, as with other positive reinforcers, the mere passage of time is a sufficient condition for the spontaneous recovery of extinguished nicotine seeking.     

Phase II trial of paclitaxel and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with pancreatic carcinoma: a Southwest Oncology Group study

PURPOSE: Pancreatic cancer is difficult to treat, with most patients surgically unresectable at the time of diagnosis. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can offer palliation, but more effective therapy is needed. This trial evaluated the effects of an aggressive schedule of paclitaxel given with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients were required to have a histologic diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma with measurable disease and no prior chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Patients had to have performance status of 0 to 2, pretreatment absolute granulocyte count > or = 1,500/microL, and platelet count greater than or equal to the institutional lower limit of normal. Following pretreatment with dexamethasone, diphenhydramine, and cimetidine, patients received paclitaxel at a dose of 250 mg/m2 by 24-hour infusion on day 1, repeated every 21 days. G-CSF was given at a dose of 5 microg/kg/d on days 3 to 18 or until two consecutive absolute neutrophil counts (ANCs) > or = 10,000/microL were obtained. Doses of paclitaxel were modified depending on nadir counts. RESULTS: Forty-five patients were entered onto this study, with six ineligible. For the 39 eligible patients, there was one complete response (CR) and two partial responses (PRs), five stable/no responses, 23 increasing disease, two early deaths, and six patients whose assessment was inadequate to determine response. The response rate was therefore three of 39 or 8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2% to 21%). The median survival time for the 39 eligible patients was 5 months. The most common toxicities were anemia, leukopenia/granulocytopenia, malaise/fatigue, nausea/vomiting, alopecia, thrombocytopenia, paresthesias, and liver function abnormalities. There was one death due to sepsis. CONCLUSION: Single-agent paclitaxel in this dose and schedule has minimal activity in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients.     

Inhibition of sickle beta-chain (betaS)-dependent polymerization by nonhuman alpha-chains. A superinhibitory mouse-horse chimeric alpha-chain

Horse alpha-chain inhibits sickle beta-chain-dependent polymerization; however, its inhibitory potential is not as high as that of mouse alpha-chain. Horse alpha-(1-30) and alpha-(31-141) segments make, respectively, minor and major contributions to the inhibitory potential of horse alpha-chain. The sum of the inhibitory potential of the two segments does not account for the inhibitory potential of the full-length horse alpha-chain. Although the polymerization inhibitory potential of horse alpha-chain is lower than mouse alpha-chain, the inhibitory potential of horse alpha-(31-141) is comparable to that of mouse alpha-(31-141). When mouse alpha-(1-30) is stitched to horse alpha-(31-141), the product is a chimeric alpha-chain with an inhibitory potential greater than mouse alpha-chain. In contrast, the stitching of horse alpha-(1-30) with mouse alpha-(31-141) had no additional inhibitory potential. Molecular modeling studies of HbS containing the mouse-horse chimeric alpha-chain indicate altered side-chain interactions at the alpha1beta1 interface when compared with HbS. In addition, the AB/GH corner perturbations facilitate a different stereochemistry for the interaction of the epsilon-amino group of Lys-16(alpha) with the beta-carboxyl group of Asp-116(alpha), resulting in a decrease in the accessibility of the side chain of Lys-16(alpha) to the solvent. Based on molecular modeling, we speculate that these perturbations by themselves, or in synergy with the altered conformational aspects of the alpha1beta1 interactions, represent the molecular basis of the superinhibitory potential of the mouse-horse chimeric alpha-chains.     

Effects of temperature and duration of storage on the degradation of malathion residues in dry rapeseed

Rapeseed containing up to 1 ppm malathion and ≤ 10% moisture was stored for up to 32 weeks at 10, 20 and 30°C to determine the time required to reach residue levels of 0.1 ppm. Malathion levels < 0.1 ppm were found only in seed at 20°C, 7.7% moisture content by 32 weeks and at 30°C, 7.1% moisture content by 16 weeks. The malathion degradation rates were related to calculated safe storage times to determine acceptable storage conditions. An improved analytical method of malathion extraction from rapeseed was developed. Manipulation of temperature ≤ 60°C for short periods was ineffective in lowering malathion residues to 0.1 ppm.     

Ovarian neoplasms in children

OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome in a series of children with ovarian neoplasms. DESIGN: A retrospective review of the medical records in a case series of 29 girls with ovarian neoplasms. The length of follow-up ranged from 6 months to 7 1/2 years and averaged 3.0 years in the girls with malignant tumors. SETTING: The patients were treated at a large referral children's hospital. PATIENTS: Twenty-nine girls with ovarian neoplasms were treated from 1976 to 1992. The average age of the patients was 10 years and ranged from 2 to 16 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The principal outcomes examined were mortality and surgical morbidity. RESULTS: The most common presenting symptoms for these ovarian tumors in pediatric patients included chronic abdominal pain, an abdominal mass, or distention. Three girls presented with precocious puberty or hirsutism. In 27 cases, the tumor was a primary ovarian lesion. In two patients, the ovarian mass was the presenting finding for a stage IV non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Seventeen tumors were benign and 12 were malignant. Tumors originating from the germ-cell line predominated (n = 17). Seven of the 10 ovarian malignant neoplasms were stage I at the time of diagnosis. All but one of the girls with malignant tumors received either adjunctive radiation therapy or multiple-agent chemotherapy. Two girls with sex cord/stromal cell tumors who presented with stage I disease ultimately developed widespread metastases. Both girls with large epithelial tumors survived. All of the girls with benign tumors and seven (70%) of 10 with malignant lesions survived. CONCLUSION: Ovarian tumors are unusual lesions in the pediatric population. Unlike in adults, such neoplasms generally originate from the germ-cell line. Whereas most ovarian tumors in girls are benign, some children have malignant tumors that are very aggressive and do not respond well to adjuvant therapy. In particular, malignant sex cord/stromal cell tumors, even when they present at an early stage, may behave unpredictably.