Effects of early abuse on adult affective reactions to exposure to dyadic conflict.

Studied the relationship between abuse in the family of origin and adult emotional responses to family conflicts in 60 males (mean age 19.7 yrs) and 60 females (mean age 19.6 yrs). Ss were administered the Conflict Tactics Scale and the Adjective Checklist (AC) to assess the tactics used by them to solve their problems and their emotional state, respectively. Ss listened to conflict tapes and completed another AC along with a set of perceptual questions. Exposure to conflict tactics in the family of origin was associated with heightened emotional responses to anticipated conflict, the effects being continued into adulthood. Antecedents to conflict were also related to family of origin experience with withdrawal, verbal and physical abuse. There was no significant difference between identification with the mother and the child, and the Ss identified more strongly with the father than the child. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Amino‐polyvinyl Alcohol Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles are Suitable for Monitoring of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Vivo

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates in regenerative cell‐therapies. However, optimizing their number and route of delivery remains a critical issue, which can be addressed by monitoring the MSCs’ bio‐distribution in vivo using super‐paramagnetic iron‐oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). In this study, amino‐polyvinyl alcohol coated (A‐PVA) SPIONs are introduced for cell‐labeling and visualization by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of human MSCs. Size and surface charge of A‐PVA‐SPIONs differ depending on their solvent. Under MSC‐labeling conditions, A‐PVA‐SPIONs have a hydrodynamic diameter of 42 ± 2 nm and a negative Zeta potential of 25 ± 5 mV, which enable efficient internalization by MSCs without the need to use transfection agents. Transmission X‐ray microscopy localizes A‐PVA‐SPIONs in intracellular vesicles and as cytosolic single particles. After identifying non‐interfering cell‐assays and determining the delivered and cellular dose, in addition to the administered dose, A‐PVA‐SPIONs are found to be non‐toxic to MSCs and non‐destructive towards their multi‐lineage differentiation potential. Surprisingly, MSC migration is increased. In MRI, A‐PVA‐SPION‐labeled MSCs are successfully visualized in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, A‐PVA‐SPIONs have no unfavorable influences on MSCs, although it becomes evident how sensitive their functional behavior is towards SPION‐labeling. And A‐PVA‐SPIONs allow MSC‐monitoring in vivo.     

From rhetoric to action: establishing community participation in AIDS-related research

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been described as the most challenging disease in modern history. For many people with HIV/AIDS (PWA), issues of appropriate respite care and supported housing are a pressing concern. To meet the housing requirements for PWAs, it is essential to engage this community in determining its own housing needs. To that end, a participatory action research (PAR) investigation was undertaken with the PWA community to ascertain the desirability and feasibility of a supported-living/respite-care community home. PAR has been heralded as an important research methodology in ensuring research relevance and community participation leading to effective change. Although nursing interest in PAR is increasing, there are few nursing examples that describe the process of undertaking PAR. The purpose of this article is to describe, explain, and critique the use of PAR in the case of a supported-living/respite-care home. A PAR framework is presented and the process of conducting PAR is outlined.     

The processing of self-criticism by social work editorial boards.

D. Lindsey (see record 1977-30147-001) agrees that N. Gilbert (1977) correctly identifies the omission of the discussion of the substantive theoretical problems that arise when comparing a profession with academic disciplines in Lindsey's study. Lindsey explains the omission in a brief history of his research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Production of psychology doctorates in the United States.

Presents an analysis of data provided by Rechtenwald (1961) on psychology doctorates. His data, taken from "Statistical Abstract of the United States, originated with the U.S. Office of Education, as a portion of its "Earned Degrees Conferred" series. Disparities in data are examined, including discrepancies between the USOE data and the OSP data for the period 1949-56. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Distinction, achievement, and editorial board membership.

Examines the function of journal editorial boards in the knowledge of construction enterprise. Data from a cross-disciplinary search of archival sources relating to the scientific contributions of 323 board members of journals in the fields of psychology, social work, and sociology indicate that editors are characterized by the distinction of their own work and by their expertise in the area under review. An analysis of these data is developed against the backdrop of theory from the sociology of science. (35 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Optimum Performance of Suppressed Carrier Receivers with Costas Loop Tracking

The performance of suppressed carrier receivers with Costas loop tracking is optimized by proper choice of loop arm filter bandwidth. In particular, it is shown that for a variety of passive arm filter types, there exists, for a given data rate and data signal-signal-to-noise ratio, an optimum filter bandwidth in the sense of minimizing the loop's squaring loss. For the linear theory case, this is equivalent to minimizing the loop's tracking jitter. When symbol synchronization is known, it is shown that by replacing the passive arm filters with active filters, i.e., integrate-and-dump circuits, one can acheive an improvement in carrier-to-noise ratio of as much as 4 to 6 dB depending on the passive arm filter type used for comparison and the value of data signal-to-noise ratio.