An information-processing perspective on childhood anxiety

In the past decade, cognitive theories of adult anxiety disorders have become increasingly complex, reflecting enhanced understanding of anxiety-related information-processing. This growth has fostered the development and enhancement of numerous assessment and treatment methods. Unfortunately, similar growth has been slower to occur in theories of childhood anxiety. This paper attempts to foster such growth by adopting an information-processing perspective. Doing so expands the extant cognitive perspective on childhood anxiety in four major ways. First, the division of cognitive processing into a sequence of steps provides a framework for organizing predictions regarding cognitive factors in childhood anxiety. Second, consideration of the cognitive operations active during each stage in the sequence facilitates elaboration of the types of cognitive deficits and distortions characteristic of anxious children. Third, it promotes development and application of performance-based assessment methodologies. Finally, an information-processing perspective highlights several targets for clinical intervention that may promote widespread change in an anxiety-supporting cognitive system.     

Effect of the physical properties of a wall on heat transfer in turbulent natural convection. 2. Analytical study

The experimental heat transfer coefficient is calculated from data on the structure of the turbulent boundary layer and assumptions on heat-transfer mechanism.Translated from Inzhenerno-fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 60, No. 5, pp. 730–735, May, 1991.     

Expression, exon-intron organization, and chromosome mapping of the human sodium iodide symporter

The active iodide uptake of the thyroid gland in humans is mediated by the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS). In this report, we show that hNIS expression was detected primarily in thyroid tissue, but also in breast, colon, and ovary tissues. Expression of hNIS is greatly reduced in thyroid tumors compared to normal thyroid tissue. Among tumor tissues, hNIS expression appears to be variable, consistent with the variable response to radioiodide treatment observed for thyroid carcinomas. The coding region of hNIS is interrupted by 14 introns, and the nucleotide sequence of each exon-intron junction is reported. Using this information, an alternatively spliced form of hNIS was identified. Finally, the chromosome location of the hNIS gene was mapped to chromosome 19p.     

Prospective, randomized trial comparing blood and oxygenated crystalloid cardioplegia in reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting

OBJECTIVES: Reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting presents unique challenges for myocardial preservation. The purpose of this study was to compare oxygenated blood cardioplegia with oxygenated crystalloid cardioplegia during reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting using transesophageal echocardiography to assess regional wall motion of the left ventricle before and after cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Sixty-one patients undergoing reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting were prospectively randomized to receive oxygenated blood cardioplegia or oxygenated crystalloid cardioplegia delivered with a combined antegrade-retrograde technique. Transgastric short axis views of the left ventricle were made with transesophageal echocardiography during the operation before cardiopulmonary bypass and immediately after cardiopulmonary bypass. Regional wall motion was graded by a blinded observer, and before cardiopulmonary bypass scores were compared with after cardiopulmonary bypass scores. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the change in regional wall motion score from before cardiopulmonary bypass to after cardiopulmonary bypass between the blood and crystalloid cardioplegia groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study found blood and crystalloid cardioplegia to be equally efficacious for myocardial preservation during reoperative coronary artery bypass grafting.     

Perfection of methodical approaches to designing vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis

Nine female patients with a urethral diverticulum were admitted to our center over a six period: The clinical symptomatology was not specific. The diagnosis has been performed by voiding and retrograde cysto-uretrogram. The surgical treatment consisted in the excision of the diverticula, with the patient in the supine position. No perioperative morbidity was observed.     

Robust stability of systems with delayed feedback

Some issues in the stability of differential delay systems in the linear and the nonlinear case are investigated. In particular, sufficient robustness conditions are derived under which a system remains stable, independent of the length of the delay(s). Applications in the design of delayed feedback systems are given. Two approaches are presented, one based on Lyapunov theory, the other on a transformation to Jordan form. In the former, sufficient conditions are obtained in the form of certain Riccati-type equations.