Frost heave in helium & other substances

A thermomolecular pressure associated with a thermal gradient produces the phenomenon known as frost heave in moisturecontaining frozen ground. Thermomolecular pressures can occur in any material. The basic requirement is a perturbed region of phase equilibrium extending to temperatures below the bulk phase boundary, such as the liquid film at an interface undergoing surface melting. Two materials that have exhibited thermomolecular pressure effects to date are ice in various porous media andHe ⁴ in Vycor glass. Thermomolecular pressures and their dynamical effects offer a unique way of studying quantum and classical liquids at interfaces.     

Effect of high pressure on mass transfer kinetics of granny smith apple

The mass transfer kinetics during osmotic dehydration of granny smith apple slices in 60 Brix fructose and sucrose solution was studied at atmospheric pressure and at elevated pressure of 200–600?MPa at 40°C. The moisture and solute fractions in apple slices during osmotic dehydration under high pressure were predicted by Weibull frequency distribution model. The calculated effective moisture diffusivity values of apple slices suspended in fructose and sucrose solution during high-pressure treatment (0.1–600?MPa) were in the range of 6.35?×?10^?10 to 3.60?×?10^?9?m²/s and 7.96?×?10^?10 to 4.32?×?10^?9?m²/s, respectively.     

A hierarchy in mutation of genetic algorithm and its application to multi-objective analog/RF circuit optimization

This paper presents a multi-objective analog circuit design optimization tool using genetic algorithm based on hierarchical mutation scheme. The idea is to improve the convergence and diversity of genetic algorithm by incorporating hierarchy during polynomial mutation operation. In this regard, a theoretical framework of proposed genetic algorithm is presented using Markov chain principle. To investigate the effectiveness of hierarchy in polynomial mutation operator, the scheme is compared with six different mutation strategies. Experiments are performed for different function evaluations to evaluate the performance of hierarchical polynomial mutation operator. Further, to showcase the improvement in genetic algorithm, numerous experiments are performed on twelve different test functions and two design examples. The proposed genetic algorithm shows competitive performance over other standard optimization techniques in terms of both convergence and diversity of solutions.     

Real-time event-driven sensor data analytics at the edge-Internet of Things for smart personal healthcare

The Journal of Supercomputing - Real-time service has become a key for efficient serving of the Internet of Things (IoT)-based smart e-Healthcare. Several orientations have tried to pave this side...     

Decoder driven side information generation using ensemble of MLP networks for distributed video coding

Multimedia Tools and Applications - This paper proposes an ensemble of multi-layer perceptron (MLP) networks for side information (SI) generation in distributed video coding (DVC). In the proposed...     

A state‐of‐art review on performance improvement of dielectric resonator antennas

This article outlines a compressive review on investigation carried out targeting to gain, circular polarization (CP), and mutual coupling reduction in dielectric resonator antenna (DRA). The DRA has already been created a separate position in antenna engineering domain because of its adept characteristics, such as wide bandwidth, high efficiency, low‐loss, and mainly 3D‐design flexibility which is rarely available in conventional antennas. In this context, the research on gain, circular polarization, and mutual coupling are quite interesting and being carried out from the last two decades. The ultimate aim of this article is to (i) give an overview of different techniques adopted in context to gain, CP, and mutual coupling reduction; (ii) give a compressive review of notable research carried out targeting to these three characteristics; and (iii) find out the research gap concentration for furtherance of the same.     

Mixing entropy of 3He-4He monolayers adsorbed on graphite

Calorimetric measurements on ³He-⁴He monolayers by Hickernell, McLean, and Vilches indicate that isotopic ordering takes place in both the low-density and registered lattice gas regimes. The low-density film heat capacity corresponds to imperfect 2D gas mixtures above T – 1 K. At lower temperatures the ⁴He fraction condenses to a 2D liquid, and the concurrent decrease in mixing entropy indicates concurrent isotopic separation. In the registered lattice gas mixtures the mixing entropy changes by a much smaller amount over the experimental region. It is argued that the observed changes are due to shortrange isotopic ordering tending towards segregation. From a detailed comparison with an Ising model, we estimate a transition temperature T _c 30 mK.Research supported by The National Science Foundation.     

Efficiency of HCl- and H2SO4-acidulated rock phosphates for a rice based cropping system

Pot experiments were conducted with an acid laterite soil and a shallow black calcareous soil to study the effect of initial application of North Carolina and Udaipur rock phosphates, acidulated with HCl or H₂SO₄ to the extent of 25, 50, 75 or 100% of the requirement for complete conversion into superphosphate, on the grain yield and P uptake by crops in rice—wheat and wheat—rice cropping sequences. The products obtained on acidulation with HCl or H₂SO₄ at a given degree behaved similarly. Rock phosphates partially acidulated with HCl or H₂SO₄ to 50–75% could be used successfully for growing rice or wheat on both the soil types. In the rice—wheat sequence, the wheat crop following rice gave very low grain yields compared to the wheat crop in the wheat—rice rotation, while in the wheat—rice rotation the rice crop following wheat gave yields comparable to that of rice in the rice—wheat rotation. The reasons for this differential effect have been made plausible. The studies indicate that a 50–75% H₂SO₄ - or HCl-acidulated rock phosphate may be used as a single application to an upland crop in an upland crop—rice rotation especially on acid soils, where the water soluble fractions of the product are used by the wheat crop. During the process of growth of the upland crop under aerobic soil conditions, the citrate soluble and insoluble fractions undergo such transformations that make it possible for the following rice crop to utilize them under waterlogged conditions.     

Hybrid approach using KPSO and RLS for RBFNN design for breast cancer detection

Neural networks have been employed in many medical applications including breast cancer classification. Innovation in diagnostic features of tumors may play a central role in development of new treatment methods for earliest stage of breast cancer detection. This study proposes a new hybrid for breast cancer detection by extending the application of a variation of particle swarm optimization called K-particle swarm optimization (KPSO). In this paper, the centers and variances of radial basis functional neural network are initialized by KPSO and then updated using back propagation. The weights are updated using recursive least square instead of back propagation. The results are compared with some recently developed techniques. It is found that the proposed technique provides more accurate result and better classification as compared to some other techniques.     

A new maximum power tracking in PV system during partially shaded conditions based on shuffled frog leap algorithm

Abstract

Maximum Power Point Trackers (MPPTs) are power electronic conditioners used in photovoltaic (PV) system to ensure that PV structures feed maximum power for the given ambient temperature and sun’s irradiation. When the PV panels are shaded by a fraction due to any environment hindrances then, conventional MPPT trackers may fail in tracking the appropriate peak power as there will be multi power peaks. In this work, a shuffled frog leap algorithm (SFLA) is proposed and it successfully identifies the global maximum power point among other local maxima. The SFLA MPPT is compared with a well-entrenched conventional perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm and a global search particle swarm optimisation (PSO) MPPT. The simulation results reveal that the proposed algorithm is highly advantageous than P&O, as it tracks nearly 30% more power for a given shading pattern. The credible nature of the proposed SFLA is ensured when it outplays PSO MPPT in convergence. The whole system is realised in MATLAB/Simulink environment.