图形化技术在空调负荷计算软件中的应用

介绍了一种采用图形化技术的负荷计算软件，讨论了图形化技术在数据自动提取原始计算数据输入，编辑修改，数据显示，归档文件等方面的应用，讨论了空调负荷和室内设计参数向空调平面图的自动传输，完备的气象资料数据库的建立，图形支持环境等问题。     

Gestalt and phenomenal transparency

Phenomenal transparency is commonly studied by using a stimulus configuration introduced by Metelli: a bipartite patch, divided into equal left and right halves is overlaid with a smaller, concentric bipartite patch, divided along the same line. Observers are instructed to report either a transparent patch over an opaque bipartite field or a mosaic of four opaque patches. We show theoretically and empirically that these are only two of five generic perceptual categories, namely, transparent patch, transparent annulus (hole), mosaic, partial transparency, and multiple transparency (ambiguous) cases. Thus Gestalt factors complicate the interpretation "phenomenal transparency." We propose a framework that avoids this complication. There is excellent agreement between predictions and results.     

Wave-induced mass transport affects daily Escherichia coli fluctuations in nearshore water

Characterization of diel variability of fecal indicator bacteria concentration in nearshore waters is of particular importance for development of water sampling standards and protection of public health. Significant nighttime increase in Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentration in beach water, previously observed at marine sites, has also been identified in summer 2000 from fixed locations in waist- and knee-deep waters at Chicago 63rd Street Beach, an embayed, tideless, freshwater beach with low currents at night (approximately 0.015 m s(-1)). A theoretical model using wave-induced mass transport velocity for advection was developed to assess the contribution of surface waves to the observed nighttime E. coli replenishment in the nearshore water. Using average wave conditions for the summer season of year 2000, the model predicted an amount of E. coli transported from water of intermediate depth, where sediment resuspension occurred intermittently, that would be sufficient to have elevated E. coli concentration in the surf and swash zones as observed. The nighttime replenishment of E. coli in the surf and swash zones revealed here is an important phase in the cycle of diel variations of E. coli concentration in nearshore water. According to previous findings in Ge et al. (Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 6731-6737), enhanced current circulation in the embayment during the day tends to displace and deposit material offshore, which partially sets up the system by the early evening for a new period of nighttime onshore movement. This wave-induced mass transport effect, although facilitating a significant base supply of material shoreward, can be perturbed or significantly influenced by high currents (orders of magnitude larger than a typical wave-induced mass transport velocity), current-induced turbulence, and tidal forcing.     

What is the role of reassessment laparoscopy in the management of gynecologic cancers in 1995?

One hundred fifty-four patients with a diagnosis of ovarian, primary peritoneal, or fallopian tube carcinoma underwent 181 reassessment procedures to detect persistent or recurrent disease between January 1, 1989 and December 31, 1994 at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. One hundred four laparoscopic procedures were performed. Eleven of these procedures were converted to laparotomy due to severe adhesions. Therefore, a total of 88 reassessment laparotomies were performed during the study period. Fifty-seven of 93 laparoscopies and 69 of 88 laparotomies were done as second-look procedures. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to patient age, tumor histology, degree of primary cytoreduction, and tumor stage or grade. Significant differences were found between laparoscopy and laparotomy groups in the following outcome variables evaluated: estimated blood loss (33.9 ml vs 164.9 ml, P = 0.0001), operative time (81.3 min vs 130.4 min, P = 0.0001), days of hospitalization (0.3 days vs 6.8 days, P = 0.0001), and direct cost/case ($2765 vs $5420, P = 0.0001). Despite obtaining 50% fewer biopsies with laparoscopy than laparotomy, the ability to detect disease was similar between these two groups: 47.3% vs 55.7% for all procedures and 52.6% vs 53.6% in the patients undergoing second-look procedures. Major complications in the laparoscopy group included transverse colon perforation (1), small bowel perforation (2), enterocutaneous fistula (1), and a retroperitoneal hematoma (1). Major complications in the laparotomy group included cystotomy (1), left ureteral injury (1), enterotomy (2), and SBO (4). Laparoscopy, when technically feasible, appears equally as effective as laparotomy in detecting persistent or recurrent malignant disease with less blood loss, less days spent in the hospital, less financial burden, and no increase in patient morbidity.     

Idiosyncratic variation in chemical defenses among individual generalist grasshoppers

The defensive secretion of the lubber grasshopper,Romalea microptera, shows extreme chemical variation among individual adults of the same sex within a single wild population. Certain phenolic compounds were absent in some individuals and present in others. Concentrations of compounds, when present, varied over two to three orders of magnitude. Chemical variation attributable to individuals accounted for 60–88% of the total quantitative variation and was evenly contributed by all individuals in both sexes. Cluster and regression analyses showed no discernible predictable patterns in the defensive secretion variation. The specificity of chemical cues used by predators may explain why these defenses are so idiosyncratic.     

Nutritional disorders in a concentration camp

OBJECTIVE: Observations on nutritional disorders were made by a physician inmate in a concentration camp before and during the Great Starvation in China. METHODS/RESULTS: Based on therapeutic response, many unique abnormalities should be considered as a part of clinical picture of malnutrition, such as mucocutaneous pigmentation, nail layering phenomena and intranail hemorrhage, palmar/plantar fissures, vegetative system crisis, a avitaminostic fevers, multiple premature beats, and enlargement of cartilage, lymph nodes, and submandibular glands. DISCUSSION: Thiamin deficiency should be also considered as one, if not the only, etiologic factor of several common disorders, including submandibular gland cyst, Baker's cyst, stenosing tenosynovitis, direct inguinal hernia, among others.