勘查专业土力学实验教学改革探索

结合勘查技术与工程专业的社会需求,在分析目前土力学实验存在弊端的基础上,指出加强土力学实验教学改革的重要性。改分散为集中、改验证为学生自主设计试验、改单独试验为综合试验。并结合工程实际综合分析处理实验数据的方法,以促进教学质量的提高及创新人才的培养。     

大型零件搬运装配的智能辅助设备防摆控制

智能辅助设备(IAD)是一种可与操作者在同一作业空间共同完成作业任务的智能机械装置.针对大型零件搬运装配过程中存在的负载摆动问题,对IAD的防摆控制进行研究,利用拉格朗日功能平衡原理建立了负载水平运动的数学模型,提出了负载防摆控制策略,分别设计了位置控制器和负载防摆控制器,并对防摆控制进行了仿真研究.研究结果表明,这种控制策略有效可行,在分别改变钢丝绳长和负载质量的情况下,小车运动能够跟踪参考位置,并且在启动加速和减速停止过程中,有效抑制了负载的摆角,使摆角快速衰减到零.该研究对于大型零件搬运装配的IAD运动控制系统的设计与实现具有实际的参考价值.     

面向数字舞台表演的海龟机器人系统研制

针对所创作的机器人戏剧剧本,研制一套用于数字舞台表演的大型海龟机器人系统.该机器人由机械系统和控制系统组成,机械部分由4条3DOF模块化轻型腿、一套具有连续曲率的柔性脖子、龟壳开合装置和碳纤维框架组成,所有电机、电路板等机电部件安装于躯干中,通过同步带将电机的运动传递到外端,降低了悬臂部分的尺寸和质量,减轻了电机的负载.系统的控制部分由上位机及嵌入式控制器组成,分别提供顶层的人机交互和底层的关节实时控制功能.采用重心自调整的方法规划运动步态,确保多足运动的稳定性.经大量实验,研制、开发了样机,完成了机器人戏剧的公演,所研制的机器人可以完美地演绎戏剧角色,外形美观,惹人喜爱,表演效果极佳.     

水泥对泡沫沥青冷再生混合料的影响研究

水泥作为常用的活性添加剂对泡沫沥青冷再生混合料有着重要的作用,水泥的用量会直接影响泡沫沥青冷再生混合料的性能。文章通过室内试验设计了含有不同剂量水泥的泡沫沥青冷再生混合料,并对混合料进行劈裂、车辙和低温弯曲试验,评价水泥对泡沫沥青冷再生混合料的影响。结果表明:水泥和沥青在泡沫沥青混合料中共同发挥胶结料作用,水泥剂量超过1.0%时,水泥形成的胶结强度大于沥青形成的胶结强度;水泥剂量为1.0%~1.5%时,泡沫沥青冷再生混合料泡沫沥青冷再生混合料整体性能较优,满足作为路面基层或中下面层的使用要求;水泥剂量大于2%时,混合料低温性能降低。     

生鲜食品微生物预测及评估平台研究

针对如何快速、有效地评估食品的安全,预测出食品的货架期,拟建立一个生鲜食品微生物预测与品质评估管理平台,通过对生鲜食品中微生物菌群基本状况及优势菌群在生长规律的数据采集,分别构建不同的温度下优势菌群的一级和二级生长模型,实现对生鲜食品货架期的预测。阐述了该平台的基本组成,工作流程,主要数据结构和主要数学模型。该平台能帮助预测生鲜食品在运输、储存和加工过程中的货架期并进行环境控制。     

Microstructure characterization of reinforcements in in-situ synthesized composites of Al-Zr-O system

A novel in-situ reaction system Al-Zr-O was developed. In-situ Al3Zr and Al2O3 particulates reinforced aluminum matrix composites were fabricated by the direct melt reaction technique in the Al-Zr-O system. Microstructures of the composites and crystal morphology of in-situ formed Al3Zr and Al2O3 particulates were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results indicate that in-situ formed Al3 Zr and Al2O3 particles are finer and well distributed in aluminum matrix. Al3Zr particulates with a tetragonal structure are mainly in the shape of polyhedron. A few of them are in the form of rectangle. The length/width ratio of the rectangular Al3Zr is less than 2.0 and the maximum size is 2μm. In addition, a certain number of Al2O3 submicro particles with a hexagonal structure are also generated in this system. Furthermore, it is found that Al3Zr crystal grows by the mechanism of twinning. The twin plane is (114). The twinning direction is [221]. The tensile tests show that the composites synthesized in the Al-Zr-O system exhibits high strength and ductility. There are a lot of ripples with fine particles on the fracture. The principal strengthening mechanisms for (Al3Zr Al2O3 )p/Al composites may include Orowan strengthening, grain-refining strengthening, solid-solution strengthening and dislocation strengthening.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of wrought magnesium alloy AZ31B welded by laser-TIG hybrid

The laser-TIG hybrid welding was mainly used to weld the wrought magnesium alloy AZ31B. The tech-nical characteristics of laser-TIG hybrid welding process was investigated and the interactional mechanism between laser and arc was discussed, at the same time the microstructure and mechanical properties of the wrought magnesi-um alloy AZ31B using laser-TIG hybrid welding were analyzed by optical microscope, EPMA, SEM, tensile ma-chine, hardness machine. The experimental results show that the presence of laser beam boosts up the stability of the arc during high speed welding and augments the penetration of weld； the crystal grains of magnesium alloy weld are fine without porosity and cracks in the best welding criterion and the microstructure of HAZ does not become coarse obviously. The elements profile analysis reveals that Mg content in the weld is lower than that of the base metal, but Al content is higher slightly. Under this experimental condition, the wrought magnesium alloy AZ31B joint can be achieved using laser-TIG hybrid process and the tensile strength of the joint is equivalent to that of the base metal.     

侧吹气体对不锈钢薄板激光焊接焊缝成形的影响

为了研究侧吹气体对CO2激光焊焊缝成形的影响及其机理,在不锈钢薄板CO2激光焊接过程,用高速数字摄像机拍摄了不同侧吹工艺参数下等离子体的动态变化过程.结果表明:顶吹气流和侧吹气流的合流角约为40时焊缝背面熔宽最大,喷嘴高度和流速变化对薄板激光焊焊缝成形有显著的影响;薄板CO2激光焊过程中工件表面上方的等离子体云团有两种典型的形态,分别对应于一种典型的焊缝形状,即焊透时出现的横截面面积较大的"梯"形焊缝和未焊透时出现的横截面面积较小的"钉"形焊缝.     

CO2焊接工艺研究与工程应用进展

综述了CO2焊接工艺优缺点及其原因；强调了MAG焊工艺优于CO2焊工艺．如它能减少熔滴过渡过程中的飞溅并挺高焊缝金属冲击韧性；列举了MAG焊在重要构件．如管线钢等焊接方面的应用实例。     

蒸汽轮机自带冠静叶隔板瞬时焊接变形研究

在实际生产中发展蒸汽轮机的自带冠静叶隔板焊接后节圆径向变形过大，严重影响了静叶隔板通流尺寸的精度。深入研究自带冠静叶隔板的焊接变形对于提高整个机组的效率具有重要的意义。本研究针对蒸汽轮机自带冠静叶隔板生产过程中产生的焊接变形过大问题，通过对蒸汽轮机自带冠静叶隔板进行现场跟踪监测，获得了实际生产中的瞬时焊接变形数据，根据监测数据对自带冠静叶隔板的节圆直径变形、半径变形、节圆收缩率和倾斜变形进行了全面分析，提出了优化和减小焊接变形的设计及工艺措施。