康柏西普及光凝治疗弥漫型糖尿病性黄斑水肿的效果

目的:比较单纯康柏西普玻璃体内注射、单纯黄斑格栅激光光凝及二者联合治疗对弥漫型糖尿病性黄斑水肿(DME)的效果。方法:回顾性研究。将2016年8月至2019年10月长治医学院附属和平医院弥漫型DME 74例(82眼)分为单纯康柏西普玻璃体内注射组(A组,31眼)、单纯黄斑格栅激光光凝组(B组,24眼)和康柏西普联合激光光凝组(C组,27眼)。治疗后随访6个月,观察比较治疗前后视力、黄斑中心区厚度、FFA及注射次数。结果:治疗后A组和C组BCVA及黄斑中心区厚度(CMT)均较治疗前改善(P<0.05);B组治疗后BCVA无改善;B组CMT治疗后1个月无改善,治疗后3及6个月CMT下降(P<0.05)。治疗后BCVA及CMT的改善程度A组和C组差异无统计学意义,但均优于B组(P<0.05)。治疗后6个月FFA改善率3组间差异无统计学意义。治疗后6个月内康柏西普平均注射次数C组少于A组(P=0.001)。结论:康柏西普玻璃体内注射联合黄斑格栅激光光凝与单纯康柏西普注射治疗弥漫型DME效果相近,均优于单纯黄斑格栅激光光凝;黄斑格栅激光光凝可减少康柏西普注射次数。     

组蛋白修饰在酒精成瘾中的作用及机制

酒精是全世界最常用且已被公认的成瘾物质,随着我国经济的快速发展,与饮酒相关的健康问题和社会问题亦急剧增加。酒精成瘾是一种精神疾病,会对人体带来多方面的影响。本文从表观遗传学的角度介绍酒精成瘾对组蛋白修饰的作用及其机制,有助于读者了解酒精成瘾的发生机制以及与之相关的长期神经适应。     

Predictive value of free triiodothyronine (FT3) to free thyroxine (FT4) ratio in long-term outcomes of euthyroid patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease

Background and aimsWhether routine assessment of FT3/FT4 ratio in euthyroid patients with three-vessel disease (3VD) could help identify high-risk individuals remains unclear. This study evaluated the relationship between FT3/FT4 ratio and long-term clinical outcomes in this specific population.Methods and resultsThis study included 2106 euthyroid patients with 3VD (stenoses of ≥50% in right coronary artery, left circumflex and left anterior descending). Patients were categorized into three groups according to tertiles of FT3/FT4 ratio (Q1>2.58,n = 704; 2.2 ≤ Q2<2.58, n = 706; Q3<2.22, n = 696). The median follow-up time was 5.3 years, during which 206 deaths and 332 MACCEs (consisting of all-cause death, myocardial infarction, and stroke) occurred. Compared with the other two groups, patients with low level of FT3/FT4 ratio tended to be female, older, diabetic, and had significantly higher incidences of all-cause death, cardiac death and MACCE (all P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis showed that patients with low level of FT3/FT4 ratio had higher risks of long-term cardiac death (adjusted HR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.06–3.28, P = 0.030) and MACCE (adjusted HR = 1.43, 95% CI 1.07–1.93, P = 0.017) than those with high level of FT3/FT4 ratio. Subgroup analysis showed there was a significant interaction between FT3/FT4 ratio and age (≥65 years vs.<65 years) for MACCE (P = 0.029).ConclusionLow level of FT3/FT4 ratio is independently associated with an increased risk of long-term cardiac death and MACCE in euthyroid patients with 3VD. Routine assessment of FT3/FT4 ratio might be helpful to identify high-risk individuals in this specific population.     

SNP interactions of Helicobacter pylori-related host genes PGC,PTPN11, IL1B,and TLR4 in susceptibility to gastric carcinogenesis

A series of host genes that respond to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection are involved in the process of gastric carcinogenesis. This study sought to examine interactions among polymorphisms of H. pylori-related genes PGC, PTPN11, TLR4, and IL1B and assess whether their interaction effects were modified by H. pylori infection. Thirteen polymorphisms of the aforementioned genes were genotyped by the Sequenom MassARRAY platform in 714 gastric cancer patients, 907 atrophic gastritis cases and 1276 healthy control subjects. When we considered the host genetic effects alone, gene–gene interactions consistently decreased the risks of gastric cancer and/or atrophic gastritis, including three two-way interactions: PGC rs6912200-PTPN11 rs12229892, PGC rs4711690-IL1B rs1143623 and PTPN11 rs12229892-IL1B rs1143623 and a three-way interaction: PGC rs4711690-PGC rs6912200-PTPN11 rs12229892. When the effect modification of H. pylori infection was evaluated, the cumulative effects of the aforementioned three-way interaction on atrophic gastritis susceptibility switched from being beneficial to being risky by the status of H. pylori infection. These data showed that SNP interactions among H. pylori-related genes PGC, PTPN11, and IL1B, are associated with susceptibility to gastric carcinogenesis. Moreover, we provided important hints of an effect modification by H. pylori infection on the cumulative effect of PGC and PTPN11 polymorphisms. Functional experiments and further independent large-scale studies especially in other ethnic populations are still needed to confirm our results.     

Cajal间质细胞的研究进展

Cajal间质细胞(interstitial cells of Cajal,ICC)是一类主要分布于胃肠道的间质细胞,是胃肠道的起搏细胞(pacemaker cell)和信号传导细胞,与肌细胞以及末梢神经元有着紧密的关系,具有激发和促进胃肠蠕动的作用.借助于电子显微镜技术,清楚观察到了ICC位置分布和内部精细结构;应用免疫荧光等生化技术,发现了其特殊表达的C-kit蛋白;利用电生理技术,得知多种胃肠动力障碍疾病也与其异常有关.多年来,学者逐渐在胃肠道、胆道、膀胱、子宫等部位发现了ICC的踪迹,并试图阐述其与某些疾病的发生机制.本文就ICC的起源、形态学、受体和功能、以及与其相关的疾病等作一综述.     

云南省2015-2019年5岁以下儿童死亡及潜在减寿年数的地区差异研究

背景　过去几十年里中国政府为降低5岁以下儿童死亡取得了明显成效，但城乡之间仍存在差异。 目的　分析云南省不同地区2015-2019年5岁以下儿童主要死亡原因和减寿情况。方法　按2017年贫困发生率将云南省129个区（县）划分为深度贫困、一般贫困和非贫困三类地区；以云南省疾病预防控制中心“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”的“人口死亡信息登记管理系统”为数据来源，采用死亡率、死因构成比、潜在减寿年数、减寿率、平均减寿年数5个健康测量指标对2015-2019年云南省5岁以下儿童死亡报告数据进行统计描述；采用Poisson回归模型估计云南省各类地区死亡率的变化趋势；采用卡方检验比较各类地区5岁以下儿童死亡地点在不同年份间的差异。结果　云南省5岁以下儿童死亡率呈下降趋势，变化幅度为-28.23%，年均变化为-7.60%〔95%CI（-8.52%，-6.76%）〕。深度贫困地区、一般贫困地区和非贫困地区的5岁以下儿童死亡率变化幅度分别为-29.51%、-13.34%、-42.66%，年均变化分别为-6.95%〔95%CI（-8.51%，-5.45%）〕、-3.15%〔95%CI（-4.59%，-1.69%）〕、-13.76%〔95%CI（-15.38%，-12.10%）〕。5岁以下儿童在深度贫困地区的主要死亡地点为家中，但有下降趋势；一般贫困地区和非贫困地区的主要死亡地点为医疗机构，亦有下降趋势。贫困地区5岁以下儿童死亡地点在不同年份间的构成比较，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。云南省5岁以下儿童2015年和2019年的前三位死因均为出生产伤和窒息、下呼吸道感染及先天性心脏异常，但平均减寿年数值较高的主要为出生低体质量及出生产伤和窒息。结论　云南省5岁以下儿童死亡率在三类地区均呈下降趋势。但鉴于贫困与非贫困地区间仍存在差异，以及早死带来的寿命损失，未来仍需进一步采取干预措施，持续提升脱贫地区的卫生服务能力，同时强化围生期保健和意外死亡的防控。     

从“肺与大肠相表里”理论谈COPD和IBD病理过程的肺肠串扰

中医学认为肺与肠具有生理上和病理上的密切相关性,在肺与肠的疾病治疗中,常常借助这种相关性而取得出人意料的临床疗效.慢性阻塞性肺病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)和炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)是分别影响呼吸道和胃肠道黏膜组织的慢性炎症性疾病.由于呼吸道和胃肠道系统的共同生理特性决定了慢性COPD和IBD在病理特征上有许多相似性,表现为炎症的反复发作致组织损伤和重构,使症状逐渐加重.这两种疾病均无治愈方法并需要终身健康维护,目前的治疗方法不是最理想的.因此,探讨慢性COPD和IBD病理过程的相关性研究有助于我们寻找这两类疾病的治疗的新途径.     

案例式教学在临床医学专业留学生英文教学中的应用——以针灸学课程为例

目的  探讨在临床医学专业留学生英文针灸学课程中开展案例式教学，以培养其针灸临床思维能力的教学效果。方法  随机将学生分成案例式教学组、常规教学对照组两组。案例式教学组于课前、课中、课后要求学生对案例的证候分析、处方及主穴定位等内容以作业、发言等的形式展现，并由教师进行点评；常规对照组仅在课堂上由教师对案例的证候分析、处方及主穴定位等内容进行讲授。课后开展对相应教学内容的测试及问卷调查并进行比较研究。结果  案例式教学组的测试成绩优于常规教学对照组（P<0.05）且留学生对案例式教学法的评价趋于正面。结论  在临床医学专业留学生英文针灸学课程中开展案例式教学能够更好地培养学生的针灸临床思维能力，教学效果良好。