He-Ne激光辐射充氧液疗对改善局灶性兔脑梗死病理损害的研究

目的 研究He-Ne激光辐射充氧液疗(简称LQL),能有效地改善实验性局灶性兔脑梗死的病理损害。方法 用光化学诱导建立局灶兔梗死模型60只,分为生理盐水(NS)和5％葡萄糖液(5％GS)两大治疗组。其中每一大组又分为LOL研究组、单纯充氧对照组和输液对照组。每组10只兔,观察和分析末次治疗后的兔脑梗死的面积(mm2)和损害程度。结果 无论NS或5％GS的LQL研究组治疗后均能有效地缩小脑梗死的面积和减轻损害程度。与对照组比较,经单元方差分析有显著差异(P<0.01)。结论 LQL与紫外线辐射充氧血液疗法治疗缺血性脑梗死有相似效果,He-Ne激光辐射是治疗的决定性因素,这还有助于LQL进一步应用于缺氧缺血性脑病。     

中专卫校专业课教师教书育人的途径和方法初探

中专卫校专业课教学在中专卫校人才培养过程中有着重要的地位和作用。专业课教师教书育人水平如何将直接关系到中专卫校人才培养的质量。专业课教师只要把握好教书育人的途径和方法,积极主动地把“育人”寓于自己的各项教学活动之中,就能大大提高培养人才的素质。     

难治性胃食管反流病的非药物治疗进展

胃食管反流病(GERD)是一种常见的上消化道疾病。目前质子泵抑制剂(PPI)是治疗该病的首选药物,但约40%GERD患者经规范治疗后疗效不佳,即难治性GERD,且易合并不同程度的精神心理症状,严重降低患者生活质量。因此积极探索一些非药物治疗手段成为近年来rGERD相关研究的热点。本文就生活方式的调整、穴位刺激、膈肌生物反馈、内镜下治疗、外科手术等rGERD非药物治疗方法进展做一综述。     

Retrospective Long-Term Follow-Up Survival Analysis of the Management of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head With Pedicled Vascularized Iliac Bone Graft Transfer

BackgroundOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) often affects young, active adults and leads to the destruction of the hip joint and disabling arthritis. Several procedures have been developed to prevent conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA), especially in young patients who have a high rate of hip revision surgery. The aim of this long-term follow-up is to analyze the results of vascularized iliac bone flap transfer for ONFH treatment.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 856 patients (1006 hips) who accepted hip-preserving surgery with vascularized iliac bone grafting due to ONFH (Ficat and Arlet stages II-IV) from January 1985 to December 2012 at our hospital. Radiographic assessment was performed with the Ficat and Arlet system, clinical assessment was performed with the Harris Hip Score system, and quality of life was evaluated with the 36-Item Short Form Survey. The hips included 575 stage II hips, 382 stage III hips, and 49 stage IV hips. We defined clinical failure as conversion to THA or any other hip-preserving surgery because of hip symptoms.ResultsA total of 856 patients (1006 hips) were eventually followed up with an average time of 15 years (range 5-25). In total, 75 patients were lost to follow-up, and 105 hips were converted to THA. The average Harris Hip Score was 87.43 ± 6.42 points at the last follow-up, representing a great improvement compared to the 66.42 ± 6.52 points obtained preoperatively. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed no difference in the 15-year survival rate between patients with stages II and III disease (using THA as an end point). However, the survival rate was lower for patients with stage IV disease than that for patients with stages II and III disease. The survival rate for patients in the glucocorticoid group was lower than that for patients in the idiopathic, alcoholic, and trauma groups. The Physical Component Summary scores ranged from 78 ± 10 to 85 ± 14 postoperatively compared to 30 ± 14 to 55 ± 15 preoperatively, and the postoperative Mental Component Summary scores (range from 34 ± 11 to 59 ± 12) were significantly higher than the preoperative scores (range from 72 ± 11 to 90 ± 10), representing great improvement in patient quality of life. Postoperative complications occurred in 86 patients (4.5%) during the follow-up, including 23 patients with deep venous thrombosis, 16 patients with meralgia paresthetica (which resolved), and 47 patients with secondary wound healing.ConclusionThe vascularized iliac bone flap grafting technique yields significant improvement (particularly in the precollapse disease stages in young patients) for restoration of the biomechanical support of the collapsed femoral head and reconstruction of the blood supply to the osteonecrotic area. This procedure allows these patients to avoid or delay the need for THA surgery.     

术前FIB-4评分与肝细胞癌术后患者预后的关系研究

  目的   探讨FIB（Fibrosis）-4评分系统与肝细胞癌（HCC）患者临床病理特征及预后的关系。  方法   收集2009年1月至2012年12月间245例接受根治性肝切除手术的HCC患者的临床及随访资料进行分析,利用Kaplan-Meier进行单因素生存分析,Cox比例风险回归模型进行多因素生存分析。  结果   根据患者术前FIB-4评分,将患者分为FIB-4Ⅰ（≤3.25）和FIB-4Ⅱ（ > 3.25）。FIB-4能够预测肝硬化程度（Ishak分级:1~5级 vs. 6级,r=0.681,P < 0.001）,其主要与患者的肝功能指标如谷草转氨酶（P < 0.001）、胆红素（P=0.009）、白蛋白（P=0.001）及血小板计数（P < 0.001）相关,与其他病理特征无关。单因素及多因素分析均表明FIB-4能够预测HCC患者的预后（总生存时间:P=0.037,0.011;无瘤生存时间:P=0.027,0.043）。  结论  FIB-4有可能作为HCC根治性切除术后的预后参考指标之一。      

股骨转子间截骨联合术式治疗晚期髋关节发育不良

目的探讨股骨转子间截骨联合术式治疗晚期髋关节发育不良的临床效果。方法采用股骨转子间截骨、髋臼成形或加盖及带血管蒂髂骨瓣转移治疗晚期髋关节发育不良31例(42髋)。结果随访1．2～12年,平均4．3年,全部患者术后髋关节疼痛消失或明显减轻,髋关节功能明显改善。结论股骨转子间截骨联合术是一种治疗晚期髋关节发育不良的有效方法,可以避免或延缓全髋关节置换术。     

病灶清除自体骨髓细胞结合重组合异种骨移植治疗距骨缺血性坏死

目的应用病灶清除自体骨髓细胞结合重组合异种骨移植的方法治疗距骨缺血性坏死,探索距骨骨坏死的微创治疗方法。方法自2000年6月～2002年9月采用上述术式治疗距骨缺血性坏死17例,均为单侧发病。根据Ficat及Arlet分期标准Ⅱ期14例,Ⅲ期3例,术后随访24～51个月,平均37个月,根据手术前后美国足踝关节外科协会踝关节功能评分标准(AO—FAS)进行随访观察。结果术后17例踝关节功能均有不同程度的改善,AOFAS评分较术前平均提高29．9分,1例于术后25个月改行踝关节融合术。结论病灶清除自体骨髓细胞结合重组合异种骨移植治疗距骨骨坏死,手术操作简便、手术创伤小、疗效确切,是一种值得提倡的微创手术治疗方法。     

显微外科方法及加压固定治疗四肢长骨骨不愈合

目的　探讨四肢长管状骨骨不愈合的不同治疗方法。方法　对 72例肱骨、股骨及胫骨骨不愈合行带血管蒂骨膜 (骨 )瓣及松质骨植骨血管束植入术。结果　 72例得到 1 3～ 2 9个月、平均 1 8 5个月随访。带血管蒂骨膜组 2 5例有 2 4例骨折愈合 ,时间为 3～ 4 5个月 ,平均为 3 6个月 ;带血管蒂骨瓣组 2 3例有 2 1例骨折愈合 ,时间为 3 5～ 5 7个月 ,平均为 4 2个月 ;松质骨植骨血管束植入组 2 4例有 2 0例骨折愈合 ,时间为 4～ 7 6个月 ,平均 4 5个月。结论　三种手术方法均有促进骨折愈合作用。其成骨能力以带血管蒂骨膜 (骨 )瓣较强 ,松质骨植骨血管束植入较弱     

带旋股外侧血管升支的臀中肌支大转子骨瓣转移治疗股骨头缺血性坏死

目的　为治疗股骨头缺血性坏死提供一种新的显微外科治疗方法。方法　在解剖学研究的基础上 ,设计旋股外侧血管升支的臀中肌支大转子骨瓣转移治疗股骨头缺血性坏死。结果　临床应用 1 7例 ,经过 1 5～ 3 5年 ,平均 2 6年随诊 ,疗效满意。结论　该方法损伤小 ,简便易行 ,可以为股骨头提供丰富的血运及诱导成骨因素 ,是一种治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的有效方法。     

Short-term effects of double-layer autologous vein graft on restraint of excessive distension and alleviation of neointimal hyperplasia in a porcine saphenous vein graft model

Although the use of external vein graft support seems a promising approach to prevent neointimal hyperplasia and wall thickening in vein grafts, its extensive clinical application still has a long way to go. The aim of this study was to evaluate short-term effects of self-designed double-layer autologous saphenous vein graft on restraining excessive distension of vein graft and alleviating neointimal hyperplasia in a porcine model. Left and right hind femoral arteries of 24 white pigs were randomly divided into an experimental group (double-layer vein graft) and a control group (single-layer vein graft). After 1 h of implantation, then 1, 2, and 4 weeks later, the mean inner diameter of the vein grafts in the experimental group measured by Doppler-ultrasound was 2.7 ± 0.1, 2.8 ± 0.1, 2.9 ± 0.1, and 3.1 ± 0.1 mm, respectively; mean peak blood flow velocity measured by Doppler-ultrasound was 96.7 ± 12.8, 93.7 ± 11.5, 89.4 ± 9.6 and 84.6 ± 10.1 cm/s, respectively, while the mean neointimal thicknesses were 47.1 ± 7.7, 93.7 ± 15.1, and 177.4 ± 25.5 μm at 1, 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. As compared to the control group, inner diameter and neointimal thickness of vein grafts in the experimental group were significantly lower, while mean peak blood flow velocity was significantly higher at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after implantation. The proliferation index in the experimental group was also significantly lower within 4 weeks after implantation. The self-designed double-layer autologous saphenous vein graft restrains early excessive distension of vein graft and alleviates early neointimal hyperplasia.