电子鼻技术应用于白及及其近似饮片快速辨识的可行性分析

目的：探讨电子鼻技术应用于白及及其近似饮片快速辨识的可行性。方法：收集134批白及及其近似饮片（白及45批、天麻30批、玉竹30批、黄花白及29批）作为待测样品,使用PEN3型电子鼻采集样品嗅觉感官数据作为自变量X,基于2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》和地方标准的鉴别结果,以及各饮片高效液相色谱法（HPLC）指纹图谱和原始采购信息,获得辨识模型的标杆数据Y,分别采用主成分分析-判别分析（PCA-DA）、偏最小二乘法-判别分析（PLS-DA）、最小二乘法-支持向量机（LS-SVM）及K-最近邻（KNN）4种化学计量学方法建立45批白及与89批非白及的二分类辨识模型和上述4种饮片的四分类辨识模型Y=F(X)。结果：经留一法交互验证,在二分类辨识中,上述4种模型分类正判率分别为97.01%、97.01%、98.51%和97.01%;在四分类辨识中,这4种模型分类正判率分别为97.76%、89.55%、98.51%和97.01%。二分类和四分类辨识模型的最高正判率均可达到98.51%,且均以LS-SVM算法为最优,最优核函数分别选择径向基核函数和线性核函数。最优模型判别结果良好,没有未分类样...     

基于HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB信号通路探讨大黄牡丹汤对急性胰腺炎肠损伤大鼠的干预作用及机制

目的：基于高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)/晚期糖基化终产物(RAGE)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路探讨大黄牡丹汤对急性胰腺炎肠损伤大鼠的干预作用及机制研究。方法：120只SPF级Wistar大鼠采用5%牛?胆酸钠逆行胰胆管注射制备急性胰腺炎(AP)肠损伤模型。随机分为正常组、模型组、大黄牡丹汤低、中、高剂量组(3.5、7、14 g·kg^-1),灌胃给药,奥曲肽组(1×10^-5 g·kg^-1),皮下注射,每组20只,正常组和模型组大鼠给予等体积蒸馏水灌胃,于造模前1 h及造模后每隔12 h给药1次,造模后24 h收集样本。观察大鼠一般情况;生化法检测血清中淀粉酶(AMS)、C反应蛋白(CRP);酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测结肠组织中的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)及白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量;苏木素-伊红(HE)染色观察胰腺和结肠组织病理形态变化;实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(Real-time PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测结肠组织中HMG...     

麸炒苍术多糖与正丁醇部位对脾虚大鼠代谢组学的影响

目的 采用非靶向代谢组学技术探究麸炒苍术多糖与麸炒苍术正丁醇部位对脾虚大鼠血浆代谢产物的影响,进而阐明二者健脾作用机制。方法 将40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、多糖组（0.075 6 g·mL^-1）和正丁醇部位组（0.012 1 g·mL^-1）,每组10只。除空白组外,其余3组采用过度劳倦、饮食失节加苦寒泻下的复合因素造模方法复制脾虚大鼠模型,造模结束后多糖组和正丁醇部位组分别给予相应药液灌胃治疗7 d,空白组和模型组给予等体积生理盐水。采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法（UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS）分析空白组、模型组、多糖组与正丁醇部位组大鼠血浆样品,并采用多元统计分析筛选差异代谢产物;采用京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）数据库结合MetaboAnalyst 5.0软件对筛选出的差异代谢物进行代谢通路分析。结果 多元统计分析结果显示,模型组与空白组、多糖组、正丁醇部位组间代谢产物均存在明显差异。空白组与模型组间共有380个差异代谢物,麸炒苍术多糖与麸炒苍术正丁醇部位分别回调了其中78个和57个差异代谢物。代谢通路富集结果显示,麸炒苍术正丁醇部位主要影响了甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢,丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢及D-精氨酸、D-鸟氨酸代谢;麸炒苍术多糖主要影响了甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢,丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢,生物素代谢,硫胺素代谢及三羧酸循环。结论 麸炒苍术多糖与正丁醇部位均对脾虚大鼠的代谢异常有明显调节作用,其中正丁醇部位主要涉及氨基酸代谢,多糖除影响氨基酸代谢外,还参与调节能量代谢与辅因子和维生素代谢。     

2015-2019年南阳市某二级医院胃镜消毒效果监测及影响因素分析

目的 了解2015-2019年南阳市某二级医院胃镜消毒效果,分析影响消毒效果的相关因素,为持续改进胃镜消毒效果干预措施提供依据.方法 采用现场随机抽查、采样送微生物实验室检测的方法对胃镜及相关用品的消毒效果进行监测,同时以2018年实施消毒技术规范化干预为节点,观察干预前、后胃镜及相关用品消毒效果的改善情况;采用问卷调查、现场询问、实地观察消毒操作等方式收集并分析影响胃镜消毒效果的相关因素.结果 2015-2019年共采样349份,合格251份,总合格率为71.92％,各年份合格率依次为41.79％、59.15％、68.12％、91.43％和97.22％,呈逐年上升趋势(趋势x2=31.72,P＜0.01).2015-2019年不同采样部位的合格率总体均上升,其中活检钳合格率上升幅度最大(67.78％);各采样部位不同年份合格率差异均有统计学意义(P值均＜ 0.05);不同采样部位的总体合格率,镜身的最高(85.96％),活检钳的最低(58.00％).2018年实施干预前、后总合格率分别为56.52％和94.37％,差异有统计学意义(x2=59.73,P＜0.01).多因素logistic回归分析显示,清洗消毒设施配备是否完善(OR=11.457)、清洗消毒工具配备是否齐全(OR=18.395)、消毒剂是否及时更换(OR=13.524)、清洗消毒流程是否规范(OR=11.721)、掌握胃镜结构及相关知识程度(OR=13.964)是影响胃镜消毒效果的独立影响因素.结论 南阳市某二级医院胃镜消毒合格率总体水平偏低,存在潜在交叉感染风险.提示应从完善清洗消毒设施和工具、保证消毒剂有效浓度以及加强规范化培训等方面开展干预,以改善该院胃镜的消毒效果.     

中国人口老龄化对居民医疗卫生支出的影响研究

在人口老龄化的背景下,如何控制医疗费用、促进健康老龄化已经成为世界性难题。本文通过实证研究分析中国人口老龄化对医疗卫生支出的影响机制,为医疗和养老政策的制定提供参考。面板门槛效应模型的回归结果显示,中国人口老龄化对居民医疗卫生支出的影响与城镇化水平有关。城镇化水平存在双重门槛效应,当城镇化水平低于第二个门槛值,人口老龄化显著地减少了医疗卫生支出;当城镇化水平高于第二个门槛值,人口老龄化对医疗卫生支出的影响机制发生改变,显著地增加了医疗卫生支出。因此,如何在城镇化进程中增进老年人口的社会福祉是控制医疗费用、促进健康老龄化的关键。     

Nutrient-Induced Cellular Mechanisms of Gut Hormone Secretion

The gastrointestinal tract can assess the nutrient composition of ingested food. The nutrient-sensing mechanisms in specialised epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract, the enteroendocrine cells, trigger the release of gut hormones that provide important local and central feedback signals to regulate nutrient utilisation and feeding behaviour. The evidence for nutrient-stimulated secretion of two of the most studied gut hormones, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), along with the known cellular mechanisms in enteroendocrine cells recruited by nutrients, will be the focus of this review. The mechanisms involved range from electrogenic transporters, ion channel modulation and nutrient-activated G-protein coupled receptors that converge on the release machinery controlling hormone secretion. Elucidation of these mechanisms will provide much needed insight into postprandial physiology and identify tractable dietary approaches to potentially manage nutrition and satiety by altering the secreted gut hormone profile.     

Evaluation of Serum Zinc Status of Pregnant Women in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS) 2015

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate serum zinc status of pregnant women in the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CACDNS) in 2015–2016. Methods: A total of 7147 apparently healthy pregnant women were randomly selected in 302 national monitoring sites. Information on age, race, residence region, education, pregnancy, and family income per annum was collected, and the concentration of serum zinc was determined. The evaluation of serum zinc status was further performed according to the recommendations by the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG). Results: The median concentration of serum zinc was 858.9 μg/L with an interquartile range (IQR) of 712.9 μg/L and 1048.9 μg/L, while the overall prevalence of zinc deficiency was 3.5% with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 3.0% and 3.9%. Serum zinc status of pregnant women changed greatly in the different categories, particular in pregnancy and family income per annum (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in the prevalence of zinc deficiency (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The lower prevalence of zinc deficiency generally indicated a better zinc status for pregnant women in the CACDNS in 2015–2016. However, a well-designed evaluation system of zinc status for pregnant women should be continually optimized and improved by inducing more parameters such as biochemical, dietary, or functional indicators.     

Potential Role of Probiotics in Ameliorating Psoriasis by Modulating Gut Microbiota in Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-Like Mice

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated systemic disease that may be treated with probiotics. In this study, probiotic strains that could or could not decrease interleukin (IL)-17 levels were applied to imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like mice via oral administration. Bifidobacterium adolescentis CCFM667, B. breve CCFM1078, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei CCFM1074, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri CCFM1132 ameliorated psoriasis-like pathological characteristics and suppressed the release of IL-23/T helper cell 17 (Th17) axis-related inflammatory cytokines, whereas B. animalis CCFM1148, L. paracasei CCFM1147, and L. reuteri CCFM1040 neither alleviated the pathological characteristics nor reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines. All effective strains increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids, which were negatively correlated with the levels of inflammatory cytokines. By performing 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the diversity of gut microbiota in psoriasis-like mice was found to decrease, but all effective strains made some specific changes to the composition of gut microbiota compared to the ineffective strains. Furthermore, except for B. breve CCFM1078, all other effective strains decreased the abundance of the family Rikenellaceae, which was positively correlated with psoriasis-like pathological characteristics and was negatively correlated with propionate levels. These findings demonstrated effects of strain-specificity, and how probiotics ameliorated psoriasis and provide new possibilities for the treatment of psoriasis.     

北京市东城区公共场所冷却塔使用状况及健康风险评估

目的了解北京市东城区公共场所冷却塔使用及卫生状况,评估各场所冷却塔军团菌病健康风险。方法2018年5—9月,采集东城区内三类共26家公共场所冷却塔冷却水,填写相关调查问卷,通过冷却塔军团菌病健康风险指数模型计算各场所健康风险。结果本次研究中各场所冷却水样本嗜肺军团菌检测均为阴性,合格率为100%。游离性余氯平均为0.15 mg/L。酒店类场所冷却塔规模、加药方式和频率与其他场所有明显差别。26家公共场所健康综合风险平均为61.49,其中军团菌增殖风险、含菌气溶胶传播风险、暴露人群易感风险分别为16.13、22.66和22.70。不同场所冷却塔军团菌病健康风险评估结果存在一定差异,医院类场所健康风险指数高于酒店和商场(F=3.78,P<0.05)。结论冷却塔军团菌病健康风险高低主要受公共场所周围易感人群影响,该地区相关卫生部门应加强对相关易感人群的保护,对各类场所相关政策法规进行制定、完善和实施。     

饮水型地方性氟中毒病区儿童氟斑牙患病情况与血清化学元素的关系

目的探讨改水后儿童氟斑牙患病情况和儿童体内化学元素的关系。方法采用分层抽样调查方法,根据西安市疾病预防控制中心近20年的监测资料,将西安市饮水型地方性氟中毒病区按照改水年限1~、5~、10~及≥15年进行分层,每层抽取2个病区自然村为调查点。每个调查点选择7~13岁学龄期儿童为调查对象,检查氟斑牙患病情况;并采集血样,检测血清中14种化学元素(钙、铁、镁、铜、锌、碘、硒、铅、砷、镉、铬、氟、汞、镍)含量。分析不同改水年限以及不同氟斑牙患病情况儿童体内化学元素含量的差异。结果不同改水年限的病区村(1~、5~、10~及≥15年)儿童氟斑牙检出率分别为51.40%(55/107)、16.92%(11/65)、16.67%(17/102)和5.08%(6/118),差异有统计学意义(χ²=74.444,P<0.05)。不同改水年限儿童体内血清钙、铜、铁、镁、锌、碘、硒、铅、砷、铬、氟、镍含量比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。氟斑牙儿童体内铁、锌、镍含量均低于正常儿童(P均<0.05),氟斑牙儿童体内氟含量高于正常儿童(P<0.05)。氟斑牙儿童与正常儿童体内的其余化学元素含量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。结论改水年限≥15年的病区村儿童氟斑牙检出率最低,改水降氟可减少儿童氟斑牙检出率。病区儿童存在部分化学元素缺乏的问题。