粗粮速食米替代高脂饮食对2型糖尿病小鼠糖脂代谢的影响

粗粮速食米（instant rice with added coarse grain，IR/CG）是一种新型的粗粮制品，既具有自热米饭食用方便的特点，又具有粗粮谷物的营养价值，但其产生的健康影响并不明确，因此本研究通过高脂饮食（high fat diet，HFD）联合链脲佐菌素腹腔注射诱导小鼠产生糖尿病，探究IR/CG对2型糖尿病（type 2 diabetes mellitus，T2DM）小鼠糖脂代谢的作用。通过IR/CG与高脂饲料不同比例混合制备小鼠饲料，低、中、高剂量（25%（质量分数，下同）、50%、75% IR/CG）饲料以及100% IR/CG饲料分别记作IR/CG-L、IR/CG-M、IR/CG-H及IR/CG，利用上述饲料喂养小鼠，并与基础饲料、高脂饲料喂养的小鼠（分别记作Control、Model组）进行生理、生化指标等的比较。在饮食干预期间测定小鼠体质量、空腹血糖浓度、摄食量及葡萄糖耐量；IR/CG饮食干预4 周后，计算小鼠脏器系数，对小鼠肝脏、胰腺进行苏木精-伊红染色，测定小鼠空腹胰岛素水平、血糖血脂相关指标，并测定小鼠促炎细胞因子水平。结果显示，IR/CG的摄入能够不同程度改善T2DM小鼠高血糖血脂水平，其中IR/CG-H、IR/CG组改善效果较为显著。此外，IR/CG-H、IR/CG能够显著改善小鼠胰岛素抵抗现象，减少胰岛素分泌、降低胰高血糖素及糖基化血红蛋白水平，减轻小鼠炎症状态。通过对肝脏、胰腺的脏器指数及病理学切片分析发现，IR/CG干预能够有效减轻小鼠肝脂肪变性，部分恢复胰岛结构。上述结果表明IR/CG替代HFD对T2DM小鼠具有显著的调节血糖血脂作用，本研究能为粗粮自热米饭产品及粗粮功能性食品的开发提供理论依据。     

Plant-inspired biomimetic hybrid PVDF membrane co-deposited by tea polyphenols and 3-amino-propyl-triethoxysilane for high-efficiency oil-in-water emulsion separation

Membrane pollution caused by separating oily wastewater is a big challenge for membrane separation technology. Recently, plant-/mussel-inspired interface chemistry has received more and more attention. Herein, a high antifouling poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane, coated with tea polyphenols (TP, extracted from green tea) and 3-amino-propyl-triethoxysilane (APTES), was developed to purify oil-in-water emulsions. ATR-FTIR, XPS and SEM were used to demonstrate the evolution of surface biomimetic hybrid coatings. The performances of the developed membranes were investigated by pure water permeability and oil rejection for various surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions. The experimental results revealed that the membrane deposited with a mass ratio of 0.1/0.2 exhibited ultrahigh pure water permeability (14570 L·m^-2·h^-1·bar^-1, 1 bar=0.1 MPa) and isooctane-in-water emulsion permeability (5391 L·m^-2·h^-1·bar^-1) with high separation efficiency (>98.9%). Even treated in harsh environment (acidic, alkaline and saline) for seven days, the membrane still maintained considerable underwater oleophobic property (148°–153°). The fabricated plant-inspired biomimetic hybrid membranes with excellent performances light a broad application prospect in the field of oily wastewater treatment.     

Facile Pathways to Synthesize Perovskite Strontium Cobalt Oxides

Topotactic phase transition obtains extensive research attention due to its associated rich physics as well as a promising potential application. Particularly, the oxygen incorporation into brownmillerite oxides leads to the structural transition into perovskite oxides with distinct magnetic and electronic properties. Using brownmillerite SrCoO_2.5 (BM-SCO), two novel pathways are revealed to achieve the topotactic phase transition into its corresponding perovskite SrCoO₃ (P-SCO). It is demonstrated that by using aqueous alkali as the electrolyte during gating, the negative biased voltage triggers a rapid transition into P-SCO, which is attributed to the presence of strong oxidizing hydroxyl radicals. While surprisingly, it is observed that the acid solution with rich protons can also trigger an unexpected phase transition from BM-SCO into P-SCO in a much faster manner. With density functional theory calculations, this transition is elucidated as a proton-assist ionic disproportionation, in which the Co ions are simultaneously oxidized and reduced, while the latter one is dissolved within the solution. These case studies not only achieve a deep understanding of the structural phase transition in BM-SCO but also shed new light on the topotactic phase transition of complex oxides.     

Generation,mechanisms, kinetics,and effects of gaseous chlorine dioxide in food preservation

Food preservation is a critical issue in ensuring food safety and quality. Growing concern around industrial pollution of food and demand for environmentally sustainable food has led to increased interest in developing effective and eco-friendly preservation techniques. Gaseous ClO₂ has gained attention for its strong oxidizing properties, high efficacy in microorganism inactivation, and potential for preserving the attributes and nutritional quality of fresh food while avoiding the formation of toxic byproducts or unacceptable levels of residues. However, the widespread use of gaseous ClO₂ in the food industry is limited by several challenges. These include large-scale generation, high cost and environmental considerations, a lack of understanding of its mechanism of action, and the need for mathematical models to predict inactivation kinetics. This review aims to provide an overview of the up-to-date research and application of gaseous ClO₂. It covers preparation methods, preservation mechanisms, and kinetic models that predict the sterilizing efficacy of gaseous ClO₂ under different conditions. The impacts of gaseous ClO₂ on the quality attributes of fresh produce and low-moisture foods, such as seeds, sprouts, and spices, are also summarized. Overall, gaseous ClO₂ is a promising preservation approach, and future studies are needed to address the challenges in large-scale generation and environmental considerations and to develop standardized protocols and databases for safe and effective use in the food industry.     

FeSe晶体生长和超导性能

利用了简单的KCl熔盐法生长晶体,通过在熔剂内部控制温度梯度,得到了尺寸为7 mm×2 mm×2 mm的大晶体。通过X射线衍射分析,确定(101)基面的四方β-FeS e为超导相。磁性测量表明晶体在9.05 K时发生了超导转变;四探针法测量表明伴随着较宽的转变温度范围,晶体在9.91 K时电阻值降为零,起始转变温度为15.26 K。本研究为制备大尺寸FeSe单晶提供了一种简单快捷的方法,对于指导FeSe基超导体的研究具有重要意义。     

Synthesis,Characterization, and Reaction of Divinyl‐substituted Laddersiloxanes

Silicon - Silsesquioxanes with well-defined structures have been of great interest recently because of their superior properties. Among them, laddersiloxanes (ladder-type silsesquioxanes with...     

Strong and Tough Cellulose Hydrogels via Solution Annealing and Dual Cross-Linking

Strong and tough hydrogels are promising candidates for flexible electronics, biomedical devices, and so on. However, the conflict between improving the mechanical strength and toughness properties of polysaccharide-based hydrogels remains unsolved. Herein, a strategy is proposed to produce a hierarchically structured cellulose hydrogel that combines solution annealing and dual cross-linking treatment approaches. The solution annealing considerably increases the hydrophobic stacking and chemical cross-linking of the cellulose chains, thereby facilitating their subsequent self-assembly and recrystallization during the chemical and physical cross-linking processes. The cellulose hydrogels exhibit superposed chemically and physically cross-linked domains comprising homogeneous nanoporous network structures, which in turn are composed of interconnected cellulose nanofibers and cellulose II crystallite hydrates. These cellulose hydrogels exhibit a high water content of 76–84% and excellent mechanical properties that compare favorably to those of biomacromolecule-based hydrogels. The prepared hydrogels exhibit a mechanical strength and work of fracture of 21 ± 3 MPa and 2.6 ± 0.4 MJ m⁻³ under compression, and 7.2 ± 0.7 MPa and 5.9 ± 0.6 MJ m⁻³ under tension, respectively. It is anticipated that this strategy will be applicable to other biomacromolecules and crystalline polymers, and that it will enable the construction of other hydrogels exhibiting high mechanical performances.     

直流系统断路器级间配合仿真模拟

针对重庆市电力公司500kV陈家桥变电站220V直流系统,依据目前实际的运行情况,在MATLAB中建立直流系统中断路器和熔断器的模型,然后根据直流系统的接线图,建立了直流系统的模型.为在此模型基础上进行级差配合的理论分析和仿真验证奠定了基础.     

新能源多场站短路比影响因素分析

新能源在电力系统中的接入占比不断增加，使得局部地区出现了新能源接入弱交流电网的场景，易引发新能源振荡失稳及过电压脱网风险。计及多个新能源场站间相互影响的新能源多场站短路比(multiple renewable energy stations short circuit ratio，MRSCR)是衡量新能源接入系统电压支撑强度的重要指标。首先,推导了MRSCR的计算公式，结合不同假设条件，给出不同解析表达式；其次，详细分析了影响新能源多场站短路比的因素，包括新能源场站发电功率、节点运行电压、加装调相机等，并对上述因素的影响效果进行理论推导；最后，为进一步验证上述因素对 MRSCR的影响情况，依托电力系统分析综合程序(power system analysis synthesis program，PSASP)，以宁夏某新能源场站为例进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明新能源场站发电功率、加装调相机对MRSCR具有显著影响， 上述结论对指导高比例新能源接入系统电网运行及新能源场站规划设计具有重要意义。