Novel Bi-Doped Amorphous SnOx Nanoshells for Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Reduction into Formate at Low Overpotentials

Engineering novel Sn-based bimetallic materials could provide intriguing catalytic properties to boost the electrochemical CO₂ reduction. Herein, the first synthesis of homogeneous Sn_1−xBi_x alloy nanoparticles (x up to 0.20) with native Bi-doped amorphous SnO_x shells for efficient CO₂ reduction is reported. The Bi-SnO_x nanoshells boost the production of formate with high Faradaic efficiencies (>90%) over a wide potential window (−0.67 to −0.92 V vs RHE) with low overpotentials, outperforming current tin oxide catalysts. The state-of-the-art Bi-SnO_x nanoshells derived from Sn_0.80Bi_0.20 alloy nanoparticles exhibit a great partial current density of 74.6 mA cm⁻² and high Faradaic efficiency of 95.8%. The detailed electrocatalytic analyses and corresponding density functional theory calculations simultaneously reveal that the incorporation of Bi atoms into Sn species facilitates formate production by suppressing the formation of H₂ and CO.     

Enhanced relative permittivity in niobium and europium co-doped TiO2 ceramics

The appearance of colossal permittivity materials broadened the choice of materials for energy-storage applications. In this work, colossal permittivity in ceramics of TiO₂ co-doped with niobium and europium ions ((Eu_0.5Nb_0.5)_xTi_1-xO₂ ceramics) was reported. A large permittivity (ε_r ～ 2.01?×?10⁵) and a low dielectric loss (tanδ ～ 0.095) were observed for (Eu_0.5Nb_0.5)_xTi_1-xO₂ (x?=?1%) ceramics at 1?kHz. Moreover, two significant relaxations were observed in the temperature dependence of dielectric properties for (Eu, Nb) co-doped TiO₂ ceramics, which originated from defect dipoles and electron hopping, respectively. The low dielectric loss and high relative permittivity were ascribed to the electron-pinned defect-dipoles and electrons hopping. The (Eu_0.5Nb_0.5)_xTi_1-xO₂ ceramic with great colossal permittivity is one of the most promising candidates for high-energy density storage applications.     

Fully Developed Turbulence of Power-Law Fluids in Circular Pipe Based on Large Eddy Simulation

幂律流体圆管湍流的大涡模拟

王淑彦^1,2, 李淼¹, 王树青³, 李好婷¹, 陈羽佳¹, 马一玫¹, 孙启冀¹

（1.东北石油大学 石油工程学院, 黑龙江 大庆 163318;

2.提高采收率教育部重点实验室（东北石油大学）, 黑龙江 大庆 163318;

3.中国石油大庆油田股份有限公司第四采油厂, 黑龙江 大庆 163511）

摘 要：本文采用动态亚格子模型,对幂律流体在圆管内的充分发展湍流流动进行了大涡模拟（LES）,得到了不同幂律指数下的湍流流动信息。文中分析了平均轴向速度、脉动速度均方根和雷诺应力等随着幂律指数增加的变化趋势,得出随着幂律指数的增加对数区的平均轴向速度减小,脉动速度均方根和雷诺应力的值增大,模拟结果表明剪切稀化流体比剪切稠化流体的非牛顿特征更明显。同时对湍流流动的高阶统计量（偏斜因子和平坦因子）进行了分析,结果表明随着幂律指数的减小,轴向脉动的偏斜因子和平坦因子在近壁面区增大,随着幂律指数的减小轴向脉动的间歇性和非对称性更强。不同幂律指数下的湍流流动变化明显,进一步说明了幂律指数对幂律流体的湍流流动有重要影响。模拟结果与直接数值模拟结果吻合较好,证实了大涡模拟可以用来预测较大雷诺数情况下幂律流体流动的湍流特性。

关键词：大涡模拟;幂律流体;充分发展湍流

     

不同管路元件流动声发射信号熵值量化分析方法

针对流体在流经不同管路元件时产生的噪声会造成管道损伤在线监测精准性下降的问题,引入了小波能量熵与时频熵两种熵值量化分析方法,通过计算流体流动声信号的熵值对流动过程中不同管路元件的流动状态进行量化,从而判断损伤是否发生以及损伤所处的管路元件部位.在此基础上,设计了管路流动声发射测试实验,采集了不同压力下直管、弯头入口、弯头出口、三通、变径管小头共5种管路元件的声发射信号,对所采集的声发射信号逐一采用时频熵及小波能量熵的方法分析计算.测试实验结果表明,时频熵与小波能量熵均能很好地区分不同管路元件的流动状态差异,且时频熵对同一管路元件压力变化时的流动状态有着较高的量化精度.     

电池供电智能化电力产品的低功耗设计

电池供电的产品需要考虑低功耗设计.低功耗产品的设计,除了在产品的初始设计阶段考虑低功耗器件的选型、电源的设计等,还需要在设计过程中,结合软件及硬件的共同作用,来满足产品设计需要的低功耗设计.因此,对MCU三种主频选择、AD采集对象的供电电源切换以及无线通信空中速率的提高对功率影响变化进行介绍.由试验数据得出,调整外部设备运行方式可以降低功耗,在外部设备运行方式确定后,最低功率由调整MCU主频引起的功率变化与外围设备功率消耗的平衡相交点得出.通过试验设计来达到最佳的功率控制,延长了电池使用寿命.     

再结晶法制备高纯超细Al2O3粉的研究

本文介绍了用一种再结晶技术制造高炖、超细Al_2O_3粉体的新方法。 将硫酸铝铵溶液(AA)滴入碳酸氢铵溶液(AHC),经过反应合成一种新的含铝化合物,碳酸氢铝铵(AACH),然后在高温下煅烧,生成超细Al_2O_3粉体。另外还采用了X射线,红外光谱,DTA,以及TEM等手段,研究了反应温度、浓度、PH值和老化条件等对生成物AACH和Al_2O_3的影响。     

基于灰度化权值调整的水下彩色图像分割

针对传统自适应阈值法在水下图像分割过程中存在目标与背景粘连等问题,提出一种基于灰度化权值调整的水下彩色图像分割方法。区别于传统阈值分割方法中灰度化权值固定且研究如何确定合适阈值的思路,研究灰度化权值调整方法。本文方法利用统计得到的图像灰度信息来确定不同通道内目标与背景间灰度级差异性的大小,提高差异性较大通道的比例,以增强灰度化后图像中目标与背景的对比度,同时减小差异性较小通道的比例,以降低其对灰度化结果的干扰,对灰度化后的图像进行阈值分割得到最终分割结果。针对水下作业的时序列图像,设计了两步序列图像处理方式来降低耗时。通过4组水下对比实验以及耗时实验对方法的有效性进行了验证。     

工科专业课课程思政建设方案:以《电力系统分析》课程为例

把立德树人作为教学中心环节已成为我国高等教育事业新趋势,如何在工科专业课程中润物无声地融入思政元素是一个需要探讨的问题。为了培养德才兼备的复合性人才,高校必须尽快建立适用于工科专业课程的思政建设方案。该文分析工科专业涉及到的科学、技术、工程的国界属性,充分挖掘基于工科专业课程的培养模式与思政元素,构建工科专业人才培养的课程思政教学体系。文章分析传道受业解惑三者在课程中的辩证关系,针对六项课程思政培养目标,将工科专业课解构为5个典型教学环节,在这个课程思政教学框架下,提出十类课程思政在专业课中的融入策略,以期为我国工科专业的人才全方位培养提供参考。并以电气工程专业的核心专业课《电力系统分析》为例,探讨所提出的工科专业课程思政建设方案的有效性和可行性。     

Development,integration, and field evaluation of an autonomous citrus-harvesting robot

Citrus harvesting is a labor-intensive and time-intensive task. As the global population continues to age, labor costs are increasing dramatically. Therefore, the citrus-harvesting robot has attracted considerable attention from the business and academic communities. However, robotic harvesting in unstructured and natural citrus orchards remains a challenge. This study aims to address some challenges faced in commercializing citrus-harvesting robots. We present a fully integrated, autonomous, and innovative solution for citrus-harvesting robots to overcome the harvesting difficulties derived from the natural growth characteristics of citrus. This solution uses a fused simultaneous localization and mapping algorithm based on multiple sensors to perform high-precision localization and navigation for the robot in the field orchard. Besides, a novel visual method for estimating fruit poses is proposed to cope with the randomization of citrus growth orientations. Further, a new end-effector is designed to improve the success and conformity rate of citrus stem cutting. Finally, a fully autonomous harvesting robot system has been developed and integrated. Field evaluations showed that the robot could harvest citrus continuously with an overall success rate of 87.2% and an average picking time of 10.9 s/fruit. These efforts provide a solid foundation for the future commercialization of citrus-harvesting robots.