液化天然气汽车罐车的研制

介绍了液化天然气汽车罐车的基本结构和工作原理，以及对此种低温易燃介质贮运设备的安全性设计。     

Ferrovanadium production from petroleum fly ash and BOF flue dust

Fly ash is generated as a solid residue in the power plant using crude oil and petroleum coke as fuels, and contains significant amount of vanadium. To utilize the industrial wastes, a better processing route is to convert environmentally hazardous wastes that have no or limited market value into products or intermediate products with added market value. In the present study a recipe-based concept is introduced and metal recovery from a selected waste mixture is investigated in the lab-scale experiments. Two waste ash residues of BOF steelmaking flue dust and petroleum fly ash are used as raw materials, and the residue carbon from the fly ash is used as reducing agent. The ferrovanadium with about 20 wt.% vanadium is obtained. This proves that a recipe-based waste processing can be a sustainable option for the future waste management.     

Effects of Germination on the Nutritional Properties,Phenolic Profiles,and Antioxidant Activities of Buckwheat

Germination is considered to be an effective process for improving the nutritional quality and functionality of cereals. In this study, changes of nutritional ingredients, antinutritional components, chemical composition, and antioxidant activities of buckwheat seeds over 72 h of germination were investigated, and the reasons for these changes are discussed. With the prolonged germination time, the contents of crude protein, reducing sugar, total phenolics, total flavonoids, and condensed tannins increased significantly, while the levels of crude fat, phytic acid, and the activity of trypsin inhibitor decreased. Phenolic compounds, such as rutin, vitexin, isovitexin, orientin, isoorientin, chlorogenic acid, trans‐3‐hydroxycinnamic acid, and p‐hydroxybenzoic acid increased significantly during the germination process, which may be due to the activation of phenylalanine ammonialyase. The improvement of flavonoids led to significant enhancement of the antioxidant activities of germinated buckwheat. Germinated buckwheat had better nutritional value and antioxidant activities than ungerminated buckwheat, and it represented an excellent natural source of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, especially rutin and C‐glycosylflavones. Therefore, germinated buckwheat could be used as a promising functional food for health promotion.     

考虑间歇性负荷的光储微网储能的优化配置技术研究

由于在含有间歇性负荷的光伏微电网中,光伏电源的随机性和负荷的间歇性,对微电网的稳定运行产生了极大的不安全因素,因此,本文提出了一种经济性和技术性双优的储能容量配置方法. 以微电网运行费用最低、网内负荷波动最小为目标函数,采用改进粒子群算法求解最优储能配置容量; 最后,通过实际算例,验证了本文所提的优化方案,提高了微电网的稳定性和经济性.     

烘焙预处理对玉米秸秆磷酸法活性炭制备及性能影响

以玉米秸秆为原料, 研究烘焙预处理对磷酸法活性炭的制备及性能影响。研究结果表明: 烘焙预处理使玉米秸秆碳元素含量和固定碳含量增加而挥发分含量降低, 增加热解焦炭质量, 且烘焙温度影响强于烘焙时间。烘焙处理使玉米秸秆活性炭比表面积先增加后减小, 总孔容和中孔率减小, 而微孔率显著增加。烘焙预处理有助于提高活性炭吸附性能, 当100 g粒径为154~450 μm玉米秸秆颗粒经烘焙预处理, 预处理条件为烘焙温度240 ℃、烘焙时间60 min时, 预处理后的玉米秸秆含C 51.32%, 固定碳27.64%, 灰分4.72%。采用磷酸活化法将预处理后的玉米秸秆制备成活性炭, 制备条件为浸渍比1∶4(玉米秸秆与55%磷酸溶液的质量比), 浸渍温度140 ℃, 浸渍时间90 min, 活化温度400 ℃, 活化时间60 min, 此条件下制备的玉米秸秆活性炭比表面积达1 317.05 m²/g, 碘吸附值、亚甲基蓝吸附值和焦糖脱色率分别为876 mg/g、210 mg/g和100%。     

发动机润滑油使用中的组成变化和性能衰变特性

以市售全合成发动机润滑油为研究对象, 通过实车运行10 000 km, 研究润滑油使用过程中的性能及组成变化, 并探究其衰变特性。研究结果表明: 润滑油使用后运动黏度降低23.84%;总酸值和正戊烷不溶物增至3.53 mg/g和0.268%;磨损元素Fe、Al和污染物元素Si的量分别由＜1、＜1和2 μg/g增加至11、20和20 μg/g; 润滑油衰变过程中聚α烯烃(PAO)发生分解反应和聚合反应, 使其组成分布趋于复杂; 衰变过程以分子链断裂的分解反应为主, 导致其黏度降低; 润滑油发生氧化反应和硝化反应, 添加剂被消耗, 生成酮类、多环芳烃、胺类、酸类化合物, 使润滑油颜色变深、酸值增加; 润滑油的分子质量分布发生变化, 说明润滑油衰变过程既发生分解反应也发生聚合反应, 但以链断裂的分解反应为主。     

硅橡胶/乙烯丙烯酸酯橡胶并用胶的性能研究

研究硅橡胶（VMQ）/乙烯丙烯酸酯橡胶（AEM）并用胶的性能和应用。结果表明：VMQ与AEM并用后,并用胶的门尼粘度适当,挤出工艺性能良好,力学性能、耐高低温性能、耐裂纹扩展性能以及热空气老化后与氟橡胶胶料的粘合性能较好,使用寿命较长,工作温度范围较宽;VMQ/AEM并用胶作为新材料可以应用于汽车进气系统高温段管路。     

基于耗散孤子共振的纳秒脉冲掺镱全光纤激光器及其倍频

报道了一种新型纳秒脉冲532 nm绿光激光器,其基频光为耗散孤子共振(DSR)方波纳秒脉冲、由掺镱光纤激光器得到,该激光器采用了全光纤主振荡功率放大(MOPA)结构设计。利用非线性偏振旋转(NPR)锁模技术,掺镱光纤激光种子源产生了稳定的DSR方波纳秒脉冲激光输出,输出激光的脉冲宽度随抽运功率的改变在3~40 ns之间可调。利用该DSR方波纳秒脉冲激光作为种子源,经过一级非保偏结构掺镱光纤纤芯放大和两级全保偏结构掺镱光纤包层放大之后,得到了平均功率为6.95 W,峰值功率为4.4 k W的脉冲激光输出。利用长度为20 mm的非线性晶体LBO作为频率转换器,得到了平均功率为2.1 W的绿光激光输出,相应的光光转换效率为30.2%。     

邛崃1井氮气钻井事故分析(Ⅱ)——事故过程的还原及教训

上文针对邛崃l井氮气钻井中的井喷失火事故,对构成事故的重要事件进行了分析。在此基础上.基于事故调查资料、实时录井资料和必要的计算与数模分析结果,按照安全工程学中故障树的分析原则,分析了构成邛崃1井氮气钻井恶性井喷失火事故的重要事件的各种可能组合、发生概率和时间顺序,还原了事故的全过程,并完整地解释了综合录井数据所表达的事故内幕。研究结果认为:①该次事故的客观原因是严重"岩爆"的发生及其诱发事件;②主观原因是该井排砂管线不能适应"岩爆"产生的大股碎屑而堵塞,进而由堵塞产生井口高压引发排砂管线爆裂,导致失控井喷和着火。最后,基于对裂缝性致密砂岩气层中实施气体钻井时井下岩爆是一种客观的、必然的现象的认识,提出了需要进一步改善排砂管线、井口组合和钻具附件特性的技术建议,以从根本上防止井下岩爆诱发的地面事故。所得到的认识与建议将有助于扭转该事故对气体钻井技术所造成的不利影响。