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101.
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) has been recognized as an attractive therapeutic target because it is a nuclear hormone
receptor that controls the expression level of cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase, which in turn regulates bile acid production and
cholesterol excretion. To compare receptor activity between each domain and the full-length protein, human FXR cDNA was cloned
from a human liver cDNA library. Three human FXR cDNA, designated FXR20, FXR33, and FXR53 cDNA, were subcloned and ligated into a pET28a expression vector. Each protein was expressed in Escherichia coli (BL21) and purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid column chromatography. Approximately 5 mg of FXR33 (1–182 amino acids deleted from FXR, 37 kDa) and 2 mg of FXR53 (the full-length protein of FXR, 59 kDa) was purified from 1 L of Luria-Bertani culture, achieving at least 90% purity. The
coactivator recruitment assay for FXR activation was carried out with the three variants of the FXR protein by using dissociation-enhanced
lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay-europium-N1-labeled anti-His antibody. From an optimized assay, a saturated hyperbolic fluorescence signal curve was produced when 250
nM of FXR33 and 100 nM of steroid receptor coactivator-1 peptide, a coactivator of FXR consisting of 26 amino acids, were used with a
concentration dependence on chenodeoxycholic acid (from 0 to 200 μM). The ligand-binding domain of FXR (FXR33) was the most suitable protein for studying the activation of FXR with a fluorescence-based assay, because it showed better
structural stability than either the full length of FXR (FXR53) or the DNA-binding domain of FXR (FXR20). 相似文献
102.
Sung‐Jun Cho 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2003,88(8):1904-1910
The polymerization of ?‐caprolactam between the interlamellar spaces of the [TEACOOH]–montmorillonite intercalations complex was attempted using Na–montmorillonite and 10‐carboxy‐n‐decyltriethylammonium bromide to achieve [TEACOOH]–polycaprolactam–montmorillonite, in which montmorillonite (inorganic polymer) is chemically bonded with the polycaprolactam (organic polymer). The results of X‐ray and IR analysis for the samples obtained after polymerization showed that the polymerization reaction has been successfully accomplished. For the purpose of studying the polymeric reaction product more precisely, we have isolated the polymerized product from the silicate layers and analyzed it with X‐ray diffractometer and IR spectrometer. Comparison of the results of X‐ray and IR analysis between the isolated polymer and the polymer that was synthesized by the reaction of ?‐caprolactam only with the organic cation without montmorillonite showed that both obtained polymers are the same compounds. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1904–1910, 2003 相似文献
103.
Jeung Hee Lee Kerby C. Jones Thomas A. Foglia Alberto Nuñez Jong Ho Lee Yu Mi Kim Phuong-Lan Vu Ki-Teak Lee 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2007,84(3):211-217
Using a 1,3-regioselective lipase as a catalyst, soybean oil and olive oil were interesterified with the short-chain triacylglycerol
tributyrin (1,2,3-tributyrylglycerol) to produce mixtures of structured triacylglycerols (SL-TAG). The SL-TAG were purified
by column chromatography and analyzed by both normal-phase (silica column; NPSIL) and reversed-phase [octadecyl silane (ODS) column] high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Individual SL-TAG molecular
species were detected by evaporative light-scattering detection, and characterized by mass spectrometry. NPSIL HPLC successfully separated the newly synthesized SL-TAG into two groups of TAG: one composed of one butyryl group and two
long-chain fatty acyl groups (from soybean or olive oil); the second was composed of two butyryl groups and one long-chain
fatty acyl group. The SL-TAG species were further analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC which gave a more detailed separation of
the TAG species present in the two SL-TAG. 相似文献
104.
Neung‐Ju Lee Ja‐Chul Koo Sung‐Suk Ju Seong‐Bae Moon Won‐Jei Cho In‐Cheol Jeong Song‐Jae Lee Moo‐Youn Cho Emmanuel A Theodorakis 《Polymer International》2002,51(7):569-576
The attachment of anticancer agents to polymers is a promising approach towards reducing the toxic side‐effects and retaining the potent antitumour activity of these agents. A new tetrahydrophthalimido monomer containing 5‐fluorouracil (ETPFU) and its homopolymer and copolymers with acrylic acid (AA) and with vinyl acetate (VAc) have been synthesized and spectroscopically characterized. The ETPFU contents in poly(ETPFU‐co‐AA) and poly(ETPFU‐co‐VAc) obtained by elemental analysis were 21 mol% and 20 mol%, respectively. The average molecular weights of the polymers determined by gel permeation chromatography were as follows: Mn = 8900 g mol?1, Mw = 13 300 g mol?1, Mw/Mn = 1.5 for poly(ETPFU); Mn = 13 500 g mol?1, Mw = 16 600 g mol?1, Mw/Mn = 1.2 for poly(ETPFU‐co‐AA); Mn = 8300 g mol?1, Mw = 11 600 g mol?1, Mw/Mn = 1.4 poly(ETPFU‐co‐VAc). The in vitro cytotoxicity of the compounds against FM3A and U937 cancer cell lines increased in the following order: ETPFU > 5‐FU > poly(ETPFU) > poly(ETPFU‐co‐AA) > poly(ETPFU‐co‐VAc). The in vivo antitumour activities of all the polymers in Balb/C mice bearing the sarcoma 180 tumour cell line were greater than those of 5‐FU and monomer at the highest dose (800 mg kg?1). © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
105.
High‐performance shape‐memory polyurethane block copolymers, prepared with two types of poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) used as soft segments, were investigated for their mechanical properties. Copolymers with a random or block soft‐segment arrangement had higher stresses at break and elongations at break than those with only one kind of PTMG. Random copolymers with fewer interchain interactions showed higher elongation than block copolymers. All the copolymers had shape‐recovery ratios higher than 80%. In dynamic mechanical testing, the glass‐transition behavior clearly depended on the soft‐segment arrangement: random copolymers had only one glass‐transition peak, whereas block copolymers showed two separate glass‐transition peaks. Overall, the control of the soft‐segment arrangement plays a vital role in the development of high‐performance shape‐memory polyurethane. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2410–2415, 2004 相似文献
106.
Water management plays an important role in obtaining high performance from a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC).
To reduce the volume and energy consumption of widely-used bubble humidifiers, membrane humidifiers were fabricated by using
an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane and Nafion membranes. The performance of the membrane humidifiers was examined as a function
of gas flow rate and operating temperature. A single cell was operated using the UF membrane humidifiers exhibiting almost
the same performance with that employing bubble humidifiers. 相似文献
107.
The effects of estrogen-induced hyperlipidemia on plasma lipid peroxidation, fatty acid composition and osmotic fragility
of erythrocytes in chickens were studied. Young male chickens implanted with estrogen for three wk developed a marked hyperlipidemia.
Plasma levels of triglyceride, cholesterol and phospholipid were elevated 68-, four- and 24-fold, respectively, over controls.
There was also a two-fold increase in plasma lipid peroxidation measured by the thiobarbituric acid test. Vitamin E supplement
(1,000 IU/kg diet) reduced the plasma lipid peroxidation to the control level, but had no effect on the plasma lipid content.
Estrogen-induced hyperlipidemia resulted in changes in the fatty acid composition of membrane lipids of erythrocytes. The
major changes were an increase in oleic acid from 10.0% to 14.2% and a decrease in linoleic acid from 31.3% to 26.0%. The
erytrocytes with an altered membrane fatty acid composition were found to have an increased osmotic fragility. It was apparent
that there was a direct correlation between the oleic acid content and the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes. 相似文献
108.
Electrophoretic deposition of carbon nanotubes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aldo R. Boccaccini Johann Cho Judith A. Roether Boris J.C. Thomas E. Jane Minay Milo S.P. Shaffer 《Carbon》2006,44(15):3149-3160
Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has been gaining increasing interest as an economical and versatile processing technique for the production of novel coatings or films of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on conductive substrates. The purpose of the paper is to present an up-to-date comprehensive overview of current research progress in the field of EPD of CNTs. The paper specifically reviews the preparation and characterisation of stable CNT suspensions, and the mechanism of the EPD process; it includes discussion of pure CNT coatings and CNT/nanoparticle composite films. A complete discussion of the EPD parameters is presented, including electrode materials, deposition time, electrode separation, deposition voltage and resultant electric field. The paper highlights potential applications of the resulting CNT and CNT/composite structures, in areas such as field emission devices, fuel cells, and supercapacitors. 相似文献
109.
Artificial neural network approaches on composition-property relationships of jet fuels based on GC-MS 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The relationships of composition-properties of 80 jet fuels concerning chemical compositions and several specification properties including density, flashpoint, freezing point, aniline point and net heat of combustion were studied. The chemical compositions of the jet fuels were determined by GC-MS, and grouped into eight classes of hydrocarbon compounds, including n-paraffins, isoparaffins, monocyclopraffins, dicyclopraffins, alkylbenzens, naphthalenes, tetralins, hydroaromatics. Several quantitative composition-property relationships were developed with three artificial neural network (ANN) approaches, including single-layer feedforward neural network (SLFNN), multiple layer feedforward neural network (MLFNN) and general regressed neural network (GRNN). It was found that SLFNNs are adequate to predict density, freezing point and net heat of combustion, while MLFNNs produce better results as far as the flash point and aniline point prediction are concerned. Comparisons with the multiple linear regression (MLR) correlations reported and the standard ASTM methods showed that ANN approaches of composition-property relationships are significant improvement on MLR correlations, and are comparable to the standard ASTM methods. 相似文献
110.
Summary The cyclopolymerization of 1,8-diethynylnaphthalene(DEN) and its copolymerization with diethyl dipropargylmalonate(DEDPM) were carried out by various transition metal catalysts. MoCl5-based catalyst was found to be very effective and gave almost a quantitative polymer yield. The resulting dark-brown homopolymer(PDEN) was partially soluble in chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, and dimethyl sulfoxide, whereas copolymer (1:1) with number avaerage molecular weight
of 2.1x104 by GPC showed good solubility in those solvents. The structure of the polymers was analysed by IR, NMR, and UV-VIS spectroscopies. From the spectral and solubility data, it is proposed that cyclized products with the conjugated system are formed. Room temperature conductivities of the I2-doped homo and copolymer were found to be about 7.5x10-3 and 5.1x10-3 S/cm, respectively. 相似文献