Mineral admixtures in mortars effect of type, amount and fineness of fine constituents on compressive strength

This work is the third part of an overall project the aim of which is the development of general mix design rules for concrete containing different kinds of mineral admixtures (also named mineral additions or mineral constituents). It deals with the compressive strength of mortars made with up to 75% of crushed quartz, limestone filler or fly ash of different fineness. The paper presents all the experimental results as a sort of database and emphasizes the effects on strength of the nature, amount and fineness of mineral admixtures. For short hydration times (1 to 2 days), the nature of mineral admixture is not a significant parameter, as mortars containing the same amount of different kinds of admixtures having equivalent fineness present similar strengths. For long hydration times (up to 6 months), the excess strength due to fly ash pozzolanic activity is quantified by the difference between the strengths of mortars containing the same proportions of inert and pozzolanic admixtures with the same fineness. In the case of inert mineral admixtures, the increase in strength with the fineness of mineral admixtures cannot be explained by the filler effect, but can be attributed to the physical effect of heterogeneous nucleation. In the next part of this work, these results will be used for the elaboration of an empirical model leading to the quantification of both physical and chemical effects. This model presents strong similarities with the previous model based on calorimetric results.     

Inlet plenum pressure drop calculation for a cross-flow module

Outlined here is a method for applying a model of discharge flow through a series of sharp-edged orifices from an inlet plenum, to accurately predict the total pressure drop across the flow distribution geometry. This particular case relates to a cross-flow filtration membrane module, but is applicable for any flow distribution system of a similar format.     

超支化聚氨酯的合成方法及其在涂料中的应用

总结了近年来国内外关于超支化聚氨酯合成的主要方法:第一类是单单体合成法,有叠氮化合物法、光气法、Curtius反应法、高选择性化学反应法等;第二类是双单体合成法;第三类是超支化聚合物扩链法。同时介绍了几种涂料用超支化聚氨酯,包括光固化涂料、粉末涂料、有机/无机杂化涂料、高固体分涂料和功能涂料。     

某大跨度悬挑钢框架结构设计分析

文中主要介绍了灵井“许昌人”遗址保护利用展厅工程的结构设计。受地形条件及使用功能限制,该工程结构设计的主特点是结构主体大跨度悬挑。并分析了该结构的结构方案选型,介绍了结构的平面布置,竖向布置,结构构件的截面选择,并对结构进行了整体模拟计算分析,对悬挑结构的关键部分进行的具体分析研究,对关键问题作出了合理的解决方案,得到的最终结构设计在承载能力和正常使用方面都满足规范要求,较好的实现了建筑方案所要表达的建筑造型和内部功能的要求。     

非离子型聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯复合细乳液的研究

首先通过异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与聚醚多元醇缩聚,以1,4-丁二醇为扩链剂制得—NCO为端基的非离子型聚氨酯(PU)预聚体大分子,然后分别用乙醇和丙烯酸羟乙酯(HEA)对其封端。经细乳液聚合法与甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯共聚得到聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯(PUA)复合乳液。结果显示:当细乳化时间为5min、细乳化转速为14000r/min以上时,制备出的细乳液较为稳定;随着PU预聚体用量和分子量的增加,聚合反应速率和最终单体转化率都有所下降;并且HEA封端的PU预聚体与MMA和BA形成了交联网络结构。     

天然高分子/水性聚氨酯复合材料制备和研究进展

介绍了水性聚氨酯与天然高分子的共混或将天然高分子的活泼氢基团与异氰酸根基团反应制备嵌段性高分子复合材料,通过选择合适的复配比例,可以提高天然高分子的力学性能,又可获得水性聚氨酯的可降解性。对天然高分子/水性聚氨酯相互配合制备复合材料的国内外最新研究进展进行了总结。     

Resting energy expenditure and carbohydrate oxidation are higher in elderly patients with COPD: a case control study

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) usually have a compromised nutritional status which is an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality. To know the Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) and the substrate oxidation measurement is essential to prevent these complications. This study aimed to compare the REE, respiratory quotient (RQ) and body composition between patients with and without COPD. METHODS: This case-control study assessed 20 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease attending a pulmonary rehabilitation program. The group of subjects without COPD (control group) consisted of 20 elderly patients attending a university gym, patients of a private service and a public healthy care. Consumption of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) was determined by indirect calorimetry and used for calculating the resting energy expenditure and respiratory quotient. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were also measured. Percentage of body fat (%BF), lean mass (kg) and muscle mass (kg) were determined by bioimpedance. The fat free mass index (FFMI) and muscle mass index (MMI) were then calculated. Results: The COPD group had lower BMI than control (p=0.02). However, WC, % BF, FFMI and MM-I did not differ between the groups. The COPD group had greater RQ (p=0.01), REE (p=0.009) and carbohydrate oxidation (p= 0.002). Conclusions: Elderly patients with COPD had higher REE, RQ and carbohydrate oxidation than controls.     

MOSFET和IGBT驱动器IR2136及其在电机控制中的应用

介绍一种新型的MOSFET和IGBT驱动器IR2136的结构和原理,并用此芯片实现了电机矢量控制系统.试验结果显示电机控制系统具有良好的特性,证明该芯片在实现电机控制系统中的实用性.