铝掺杂的富锂正极材料Li[Li0.2Mn0.4Fe0.3Al0.1]O2的合成及电化学性能研究

用共沉淀法合成了用铝掺杂的铁部分取代锰的富锂正极材料Li[Li0.2Mn0.4Fe0.3Al0.1]O2。采用XRD、SEM、电化学测试等方法对样品进行表征。结果表明,与Li[Li0.2Mn0.45Fe0.35]O2相比,Li[Li0.2Mn0.4Fe0.3Al0.1]O2具有较好的电化学性能,其初始容量达到241mAh/g左右,经50次充放电循环后,容量衰减率在7%左右。     

Modest decline in late mortality following Hodgkin's disease in the southeastern Netherlands since 1972

Since prolonged remission can be induced in the majority of patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD), treatment-related mortality and morbidity have emerged. We investigated whether awareness of toxicity diminished treatment-related mortality for unselected patients treated between 1972 and 1993 in general hospitals in the southeastern Netherlands. We also estimated the prevalence of treatment-related morbidity among patients treated in the 1980s. Data were collected on all 345 HD patients registered in the Eindhoven Cancer Registry between 1972 and 1993. Medical records and histology were reviewed; follow-up ended in 1994. Administration of MOPP chemotherapy decreased, and there was a shift from total nodal irradiation to less extended low-dose radiotherapy. For cured patients the 10-year relative survival improved from 84% in the 1970s to 90% in the 1980s, which is reflected by a decline in excess mortality from 16% to 10%. The 10-year relative mortality risk due to secondary malignancies decreased from 4.3 (95% CI, 1.2-7.4) to 3.0 (CI 0.2-5.8), which is also reflected by a decline in the 10-year cumulative incidence for all cancers from 10% to 5%. However, the relative risk of late cardiovascular death, which is closely related to previous irradiation, barely changed, as shown by a decrease from 2.4 (CI 0.4-4.5) to 2.2 (CI.0-4.7). HD survivors profited less from the sharp decline in cardiovascular mortality observed for the general population. Among patients, the prevalence of serious treatment-related morbidity 5 years or more after initial diagnosis was 34%. In conclusion, modest decline in excess mortality among cured HD patients was observed in the 1980s, as reflected by a decrease in mortality due to second malignancies. However, late mortality, especially due to radiation-related cardiovascular disease, is still substantial. About one third of HD survivors suffer radiation-induced sequelae. Clinical trials to find ways to minimize iatrogenic complications are important.     

Breast cancer after radiation treatment for Hodgkin disease]

Mammary carcinoma was diagnosed in two women aged 31 and 38 years after they had been subjected to mantle irradiation for Hodgkin's disease at the ages of 17 and 20 years, respectively. Breast amputation was performed in one case, lumpectomy in the other; the subsequent courses were uncomplicated. During follow-up there was no sign of recurrence. Lifelong follow-up by specialists of women irradiated for Hodgkin's disease should be considered; monthly self-examination of the breasts should be advised and mammography should be carried out annually as from 10 years after thoracic or axillary irradiation. It is especially women treated before their 20th year of life who run a relatively high risk.     

Improved survival of Hodgkin's patients in south-east Netherlands since 1972

In the past 30 years, staging and treatment of Hodgkin's disease have changed dramatically, and prolonged remission can now be induced in the majority of patients. Our purpose was to assess improvement in long-term survival, previously reported for specific patient groups, among unselected patients diagnosed and treated between 1972 and 1993 in general hospitals in South-East Netherlands. Data on all 345 Hodgkin's patients were derived from the population-based Eindhoven Cancer Registry; histopathology and clinical records were reviewed. Follow-up was attained up to 1994. Relative survival rates, i.e. the ratio of observed to expected rates, were 80% after 5, 70% after 10 and 67% after 15 years. Independent prognostic factors for lower overall survival were (in decreasing order of significance): advanced age, histology (lymphocyte depletion), advanced stage and earlier period of diagnosis. Distribution of age and stage did not change over the study period, but there was a modest increase in the incidence of the nodular sclerosis histological subtype. Crude 5-year survival rates improved from 60% in the period 1972-1976 to 81% in the period of 1987-1992 (P < 0.005). The largest improvement occurred in the 1970s and was most prominent among those aged over 50 years. As previously reported, cured Hodgkin's patients exhibit a higher mortality rate, which can be explained by treatment-related long-term complications such as second malignancies and cardiovascular diseases. The relatively high survival rates compared to other population-based studies may be attributable to the existence of a regional network within the framework of a comprehensive cancer centre. Better staging, new combinations of chemotherapy, improved radiation technology, advances in supportive care as well as more frequent intensive treatment of the elderly could explain the improvement in prognosis.     

三星美术馆

正总规划面积27 000m2的三星美术馆项目由OMA于1997年设计完成。综合体坐落于市中心附近的汉南洞住宅区,由OMA、马里奥·博塔和让·努维尔分别设计的三座建筑构成。OMA设计的大楼总面积达13 100m2,包括临时当代展览、媒体和办公空间。三座大楼汇聚于中央多功能室,形成大厅和问询处。经由直通多功能室的坡路穿过OMA     

Crack defect formation during manufacture of fused cast alumina refractories

A sequentially coupled mathematical thermal-stress model, based on the commercial finite-element code ABAQUS, has been developed to rationalize crack defect formation in fused cast αβ-alumina refractories used in the glass industry. The thermal model was validated against thermocouple and pyrometer measurements obtained in an industrial setting. The temperature predictions obtained from the thermal model were employed as input to the elastic strain-rate-independent plastic stress model. The constitutive behavior of αβ-alumina has been determined over a range of temperatures for input to the stress model. The distribution of β-alumina that forms in the center of the casting due to rejection of Na₂O during solidifcation was introduced in the stress model through a user-defined subroutine in order to account for the effect of differences in the thermal contraction behavior and elastic modulus of the αβ- and β-alumina phases. The stress analysis indicates that temperature gradients as well as the different dilatational behavior of the αβ- and β-alumina phases are the main drivers of stress and strain evolution during solidification and subsequent cooling. The β-alumina core, in particular, plays an important role in the generation of tensile stresses and likely gives rise to the generation of the internal cracks observed in industrial castings.     

Leader group prototypicality and job satisfaction: The moderating role of job stress and team identification.

The authors examined the relationship between leader group prototypicality (the extent to which a leader is representative of the collective identity) and job satisfaction as an indicator of leadership effectiveness. Leader group prototypicality was expected to interact with job stress and team identification, such that leader group protototypicality is more strongly related to job satisfaction for followers with higher job stress and team identification. Two cross-sectional surveys (N = 329 and N = 89) conducted with the employees of 4 Italian organizations provided support for this hypothesis. The authors discuss how these findings extend our understanding of leadership effectiveness within the social identity model of leadership. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The importance of steroid receptors for the prognosis and hormone treatment of breast cancer patients: a retrospective study in Southeastern Netherlands

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) receptors on the prognosis of patients with operable breast cancer and the decision to treat these patients with adjuvant tamoxifen. DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: Eight community hospitals in the Southeast Netherlands. METHOD: Using the registry of the Comprehensive Cancer Centre South, 2862 breast cancer patients were identified with stage I, II or IIIA tumours, treated during the period 1984-1992. RESULTS: ER and PgR status were known for 2393 (84%) and 1761 (62%) patients respectively. From 1991, over 80% of the postmenopausal, lymph node positive patients had received tamoxifen, irrespective of the steroid receptor status. Of all lymph node negative patients fewer than 3% received adjuvant systemic treatment. Among the lymph node negative patients the steroid receptor status was not a significant predictor of survival. Among the lymph node positive patients whose tumours were both ER-negative and PgR-negative, a 2.8-fold increased risk of death was found during the first four years after primary treatment. The risk of death was not increased if only the ER or only the PgR status was negative. CONCLUSION: This study shows that ER and PgR receptors are significant prognostic factors for survival in breast cancer patients with involved axillary lymph nodes. The prognostic effect appeared to be restricted to the first four years after primary treatment. Selection of patients for endocrine treatment should be based on the steroid receptor status, considering the importance of the steroid receptors for predicting the response to endocrine treatment.     

Evaluation of readily accessible azoles as mimics of the aromatic ring of D-phenylalanine in the turn region of gramicidin S

The influence of replacing the d-phenylalanine residue with substituted and unsubstituted azoles on the structure and biological activity of the antibiotic gramicidin S was investigated against a representative panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains. Substituted triazole derivatives, obtained using a convergent synthetic strategy, are as active as gramicidin S, provided that any substituent on the triazole moiety is not too large. The unsubstituted triazole derivative was biologically less active than the parent natural product, gramicidin S. In general for the triazole series, the hemolytic activity could be correlated with the antibacterial activity, that is, the higher the antibacterial activity, the higher the toxicity towards blood cells. Interestingly, its imidazole counterpart showed high antibacterial activity, combined with significantly diminished hemolytic activity.     

植入

姑且不论人们对于当下瞬息万变的信息时代抱定斥责抑或褒扬的态度,都无法逃离与规避媒体与网络交织而成的这个世界。尤其是各种技术不断跨越自身的界限,外延并派生出各种富有临界点属性的事物,数字艺术便是其中之一。艺术家的创作建构于数字技术之上,因而数字技术的互动性转嫁于作品之中,颠覆了以往视主体与作品之间陈腐、静态的封闭交流模式。尽管数字艺术在中国当代艺术中还相当少有,但在国外已然是司空见惯的艺术类型,有一批人在孜孜探索,他们或为艺术家,或为具备计算机、建筑、音乐等其他专业背景的人。